Production & development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow

Skeletal Muscles

(Voluntary Muscles)

Striated Muscles

muscles whose action is under voluntary control.

Examples of voluntary muscles include:

muscles that move the eyeballs, tongue, & bones

Smooth Muscles

(Involuntary Muscles)

Visceral Muscles

muscles whose actions are involuntary

Found primarily in the visceral organs, walls of the arteries, & respiratory passages, & urinary & reproductive ducts.

ends of the bones

is surrounded by a layer of compound bone

has red bone marrow in it

dactyl bones

include:

metatarsals & phalanges

both found in fingers & toes

pelvic girdle

consists of which bones?

llium

sacrum

coccyx

pubis

ischium

the chest

protects the lungs & heart

stiffness

bent or crooked

abnormal condition of stiffness

- Ankylosis results in immobility & stiffness of a joint.

It may be the result of trauma, surgery, disease, or abnormal bone fusion.

- most commonly occurs in rheumatoid arthritis.

orthropedist

orthopedics

a person who specializes in treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.

"bone Dr."

abnormal bending of the spine

"C-shaped spine"

vertebrae

(backbone)

vertebrea

(backbone)

smooth muscle

visceral muscle

lei = smooth

my/o = muscle

involves a broken bone & an external wound that leads to the site of fracture

"where the broken bone is poking out of the skin"

when the broken bone does not extend through the entire thickness of the bone

one side of the bone is broken & the other side of the bone is bent

occurs when the line of fracture does not completely transverse the entire bone

pus-forming bacteria

This disease usually begins with local trauma to the bone causing a hematoma (blood clot). Bacteria from an acute infection in another area of the body find their way to the injured bone & establish the infection.

- a common metabolic bone disorder in the elderly, particularly in postmenopausal women & especially women older than 60.

- most commonly in Northern European (white) women.

- major causes include: disturbances of protein metabolism, protein deficiency, disuse of bones due to prolonged periods of immobilization, estrogen deficiencies associated with menopause, a diet lacking in vitamin or calcium, & long-term administration of high doses of steroids (corticosteroids).

Rheumatoid Arthritis

RA

"an autoimmune reaction of joint tissue"

- a sythemic disease characterized by inflammatory changes in joints & their related structures, results in crippling deformities.

- It occurs most commonly in women between the ages 23 & 35 but can affect people of any age group.

increase of severity of a disease or any of its symptoms

periods of flare-ups

the most common type of connective tissue disease.

spurs - cartilage destruction & new bone formation at the edges of joints which are most commonly seen in osteoarthritis.

secondary site for cancer

most bone cancers are metastized cancers

"always malignant"

- malignancies that originate from bone, fat, muscle, cartilage, bone marrow, & cells of the lymphatic system

- major types of sarcomas include:

fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, & ewingsarcomas

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that "prevents normal mobility" of the related tissue or joint

loss of muscular tone

or

a diminished resistance to passive stretching

puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid

visual examination of the interior of a joint & its structures