Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to producing; formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chest pain, the primary symptom of an insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal muscular contractions, or spasms, of the smooth muscles forming the vessel walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sign of cardiovascular disease-the narrowing of a blood vessel causing a reduction of blood flow to the part of the body at the receiving end of the narrowed vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a loss of the normal rhythm of the heart. Also called dysrhythmia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormally slow heart rate, usually under 60 beats per minute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| term commonly used for the symptom of pain associated with the heart. Also called cardialgia less frequently |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a symptom or sign that originated from a condition of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sign in which the heart has become paralyzed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a symptom in which a blue tinge is seen in the skin and mucous membranes. Caused by oxygen deficiency in tissues, common sign of respiratory failure often caused by cardiovascular disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a symptom of pounding, racing, or skipping of the heartbeat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rapid heart rate, may be a sign of heart disease if the heart exceeds 100 beats per minute at rest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wall or partition; putrefying |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal bulging of an arterial wall. Usually caused by a congenital defect ot an acquired weakness of the arterial wall which worsens in time as blood is pushed against it. The bursting of a large aneurysm is usually life-threatening, resulting in massive hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the heart and blood vessels. Usually caused by a widspread bacterial infection of the blood, or septicemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a term describing a tumor arising from a blood vessel. Also called hemangioma. It is a benign clump of endothelium forming a mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition in which the aortic valve fails to completely close during ventricular diastole and blood returns to the left ventricle, causing the left ventricle to work harder. Abbreviated AI. The long-term result of AI is a chronic condition of the heart known as congestive heart failure. Also known as aortic regurgitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a narrowing of the aorta that reduces the flow of blood through the vessel, which causes the left ventricle to work harder than normal to push blood through the aorta. This is usually a more serious condition than AI, also leads to congestive heart failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the aorta, often caused by bacterial infection and can lead to acute AI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the general term for a disease of the artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a common form of arteriopathy in which the artery wall becomes thickened and loses its elasticity, resulting in reduced blood flow to tissues. The risk of developing this disease increases with age. If the coronary arteries supplying the heart are damaged by this disease, the condition is called arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a term describing a specific form of arteriosclerosis in which one or more fatty plaques form along the inner walls of arteries. The plaques thicken with time, which reduces the flow of blood through the affected vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a congenital condition characterized by a failure of the foramen ovale to close at birth, producing an opening in the septum that separates the right and left atria. This allows blood to pass between the two atria, which bypasses the pulmonary circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition in which the atria have become abnormally enlarged or dilated, reducing their ability to push blood into the ventricles. This condition is a form of cardiomegaly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an injury to the atrioventricular node (AV node), which normally receives impulses from the sinoatrial node (SA node) and transmits them to the ventricles to stimulate ventricular systole. The injury is usually caused by a myocardial infarctionduring which the cells of the AV node die due to lack of oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cessation of heart activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute compression of the heart due to the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity. Is a complication of an inflammatory disease of the paricardium known as pericarditis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the abnormal enlargement of the heart which occurs when the heart must work harder than normal to meet the oxygen demands of body cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a general term for a disease of the myocardium of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the valves of the heart often caused by a bacterial infection which leads to the deposition of calcium deposits on heart valves, and congenital defects which results in abnormally shaped valves. This condition is usually diagnosed from the presence of a heart murmur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a congenital defect characterized by aortic stenosis that is present at birth is called coarctation of the aorta. Causes reduced systemic circulation of blood and accumulation of fluid in the lungs and requires surgical repair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chronic form of heart disease characterized by the failure of the left ventricle to pump enough blood to supply systemic tissues and lungs. Aka, left ventricular failure- the reduced function of the left ventricle characterizes the disease and makes the heart work harder leading to cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion, and reduced stroke volume that eventually leads to cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a chronic enlargement of the right ventricle resulting from congestion of the pulmonary circulation. AKA right ventricular failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a general term for a disease that afflicts the coronary arteries supplying the heart. Atherosclerosis is the most common form of CAD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a blockage within the coronary artery, resulting in a reduced blood flow to an area of the heart muscle. Most common cause if atherosclerosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a blockage or occlusion that forms when a blood clot or other foreign particle (including air or fat) moves through the circulation. Can produce a severe circulatory restriction when the particle (the embolus) lodges in an artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an acute disease with inflammation of the endocardium, the thin membrane lining the inside walls of the heart chambers. Endocardium also covers the heart valves therefore endocarditis is often accompanied with cardiovalvulitis. Usually caused by bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition of uncoordinated, rapid contractions of the muscle forming the ventricles or atria. A severe form of arrhythmia. Two types: atrial fibrillation which leads to a reduction of blood expelled form the atria, usually not fatal. And ventricular fibrillation which results in circulatory collapse due to failure of the ventricles to expel blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a block or delay of the normal electrical conduction of the heart. Often the result of a myocardial infarction that damages the SA node or AV node |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal soft, gurgling, or blowing sound heard on auscultation or the heart. Indicates the regurgitation of blood through one or more heart valves. The most common source occurs when the mitral valve leaks during ventricular contraction-called mitral valve prolapse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the presence of dilated, or vericose, veins in the anal regions, has symptoms of local pain or itching |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| persistently high blood pressure. Essential hypertension, in which the condition is not traceable to a single cause. Secondary hypertension, in which the high blood pressure is caused by the effects of another disease, such as atherosclerosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition of abnormally low blood pressure, an acute reaction to hemorrhage or septicemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormally low flow of blood to tissues. Coronary ischemia is a temporary deficiency caused by an occlusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| death of a portion of the myocardium. MI can lead to arrhythmia or cardiac arrest or both. Common name: heart attack |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the myocardium of the heart. Often caused by bacterial infection, a form of cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a congenital condition characterized by an opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta at birth due to a failure of the fetal vessel, the ductus arteriosus, to close. This permits blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, which bypasses the pulmonary circulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart, the paricardium. Usually caused by a bacterial infection and affects both layers of the paricardium (the pericardial sac and the epicardium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of a vein. In a related condition, thrombophlebitis, the inflammation of the vein includes an obstruction by a blood clot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simultaneous inflammation of many arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a bacterial infection of the bloodstream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a severe congenital disease in which 4 defects associated with the heart are present at birth: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, incorrect position of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. As a result of these defects, pulmonary circulation is partially bypassed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the presence of stationary blood clots within one or more blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormally dilated vein, results when valves within a superficial vein of the leg or elsewhere fail, allowing blood to pool in response to gravitational force |
|
|
Term
| ventricular septal defect |
|
Definition
| a congenital disease in which an opening in the septum separating right and left ventricles is present at birth. The opening allows some blood to flow from the right ventricle to the left ventricle, reducing blood flow to the lungs and the pulmonary circulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a diagnostic procedure that includes x-ray photography, MRI, or CAT scal images of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium. The resulting image is called an angiogram. When the procedure is focused on the heart called cardiac or coronary angiography |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the surgical repair of a blood vessel. Includes procedures to reopen blocked vessels (balloon angioplasty) where an inflatable balloon is inserted into a blocked artery and inflated. And laser angioplasty which used a laser to open a blocked artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the use of a flexible, fiber-optic instrument (endoscope) to observe a diseased blood vessel and to assess any lesions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the surgical procedure that involves the creation of an opening into a blood vessel, usually for the insertion of a catheter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the surgical incision into the blood vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a procedure that obtains an x-ray image, MRI, or CAT scan image of the aorta-image called aortogram |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a procedure that obtains an image of an artery - image called arteriogram |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an incision into an artery, usually performed to repair an injured artery during a procedure called arterioplasty. The conclusion of this procedure involves suturing the opening, called arteriorrhaphy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a part of the physical examination that involves listening to internal sounds using a stethoscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insertion of a narrow flexible tube (catheter) through a blood vessel leading into the heart. Performed to draw samples from heart chambers, measure pressures, and inject contrast medium for imaging purposes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a battery-powered device that is implanted under the skin and wired to the SA node in the heart. Produces timed electrical pulses that replace the function of the SA node as a treatment of heart block and cartain other arrhythmias. |
|
|
Term
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
|
Definition
| CPR-artificial respiration that is used to restore breathing by applying a combination of chest compression and artificial ventilation at intervals |
|
|
Term
| coronary artery bypass graft |
|
Definition
| CABG, a surgical procedure that involves removing a blood vessel form another part of the body and inserting it into the coronary circulation. The grafted vessel restores blood flow to an oxygen-deprived area of the heart by carrying blood around an occluded coronary artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an artificial, usually plastic, scaffold that is used to anchor a surgical implant or graft. A coronary stent may be implanted into a coronary artery that is occluded to restore blood flow to an oxygen-deprived part of the heart. Coronary stent may also be used to prevent closure of a coronary artery after angioplasty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when arrhythmia progresses to ventricular fibrillation, an electrical charge may be applied to the cheat to stop the heart conduction syste, momentarily, then restart it with a more normal heart rhythm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an ultrasound procedure that evaluates blood flow in an effort to determine the cause of a localized reduction in circulation. Often performed in the heart to evaluated coronary circulation in a noninvasive manner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an ultrasound procedure that directs sound waves through the heart to observe heart structures in an effort to evaluate heart function. aka Cardiac ultrasonography. Image called echocardiogram. Can be performed before and after exercise - stress echo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electrodes are pasted to the skin of the chest to detect and record the electrical events of the heart conduction system. The record called electrocardiogram, ECG or EKG. Used to evaluate heart function, especially to diagnose arrhythmias. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the surgical removal of a floating blood clot or embolus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the removal of the inner lining of an artery to remove a fatty plaque |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a portable electrocardiograph that is worn by the patient to monitor electrical activity of the heart over a 24-hour period-used to detect periodic or transient cardiac abnormalities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug commonly used as an emergency vasodilator as a treatment for severe angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. The vasodilation temporarily improves blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical removal of a vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a puncture into a vein to remove blood for sampling or donation. |
|
|
Term
| positron emission tomography scan |
|
Definition
| a noninvasive procedure that provides blood flow images using positron emission tomography (PET) techniques combined with radioactive isotope labeling is used to produce iamges of the heart to reveal functional defects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a common procedure that measures arterial blood pressure- utilizes a device called a sphygmomanometer which consists of an arm cuff and air pressure pump with mercury pressure gauge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatments to dissolve unwanted blood clots are often necessary after surgery to prevent the development of emboli, also after a heart attack to minimize damage to the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a patient undergoes exercise during echocardiography or electrocardiography (or both) to examine heart function under stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the surgical repair of a heart valve |
|
|
