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Medical Terminology Ch. 11 & 12
Medical Terminology Systems Ch. 11 & 12 (Gylys & Wedding)
164
Medical
Undergraduate 1
11/08/2009

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Term
cortex
Definition
outer layer of organ or body structure
Term
electrolytes
Definition
mineral salts carrying elec. charge (Na, K, Ca)
Term
erythropoietin (EPO)
Definition
glycoprotein hormone produced by certain cells in kidney
Term
libido
Definition
sexual desire
Term
meatus
Definition
opening or passage in body
Term
micturition
Definition
discharge of urine
Term
nitrogenous wastes
Definition
products of cellular metabolism which contain nitrogen
Term
orifice
Definition
opening, entrance or outlet in any body structure
Term
percutaneous
Definition
procedure performed through the skin (biopsy)
Term
reflux
Definition
backward flow of fluid
Term
urea
Definition
principal nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism, excreted in urine & perspiration
Term
cyst/o
Definition
bladder (cystoscope)
Term
vesic/o
Definition
bladder (vesicocele)
Term
glomerul/o
Definition
glomerulus (glomerulopathy)
Term
lith/o
Definition
stone, calculus (lithotripsy)
Term
meat/o
Definition
opening (meatotomy)
Term
nephr/o
Definition
kidney (nephropexy)
Term
ren/o
Definition
kidney (renal)
Term
peritone/o
Definition
peritoneum (peritoneoclysis)
Term
pyel/o
Definition
renal pelvis (pyeloplasty)
Term
ur/o
Definition
urine (urolith)
Term
ureter/o
Definition
ureter (ureterectasis)
Term
urethr/o
Definition
urethra (urethrostenosis)
Term
andr/o
Definition
male (androgenic)
Term
balan/o
Definition
glans penis (balanoplasty)
Term
epididym/o
Definition
epididymis (epididymotomy)
Term
orch/o
Definition
testis (orchitis)
Term
orchi/o
Definition
testis (orchialgia)
Term
orchid/o
Definition
testis (orchidoptosis)
Term
test/o
Definition
testis (testectomy)
Term
prostat/o
Definition
prostate gland (prostatomegaly)
Term
spermat/o
Definition
spermatozoa (spermatocele)
Term
sperm/o
Definition
spermatozoa (spermic)
Term
vas/o
Definition
vessel, vas deferens (vasectomy)
Term
varic/o
Definition
dilated vein (varicocele)
Term
vesicul/o
Definition
seminal vesicle (vesiculitis)
Term
albumin/o
Definition
albumin, protein (albuminoid)
Term
azot/o
Definition
nitrogenous compounds (azotemia)
Term
bacteri/o
Definition
bacteria (bacteriuria)
Term
crypt/o
Definition
hidden (cryptorchidism)
Term
gonad/o
Definition
gonads (gonadopathy)
Term
kal/i
Definition
potassium (hypokalemia)
Term
keton/o
Definition
ketone bodies (ketonuria)
Term
noct/o
Definition
night (nocturia)
Term
olig/o
Definition
scanty (oligospermia)
Term
py/o
Definition
pus (pyorrhea)
Term
-cide
Definition
killing (spermicide)
Term
-genesis
Definition
forming, producing, origin (lithogenesis)
Term
-iasis
Definition
abnormal condition (lithiasis)
Term
-ism
Definition
condition (anorchism)
Term
-spadias
Definition
slit, fissure (hypospadias)
Term
-uria
Definition
urine (polyuria)
Term
dia-
Definition
through, across (dialysis)
Term
retro-
Definition
backward, behind (retroperitoneal)
Term
anuria
Definition
absence of urine production
Term
azotemia
Definition
retention of excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds
Term
chronic renal failure
Definition
renal failure that occurs over a period of years, decreased numbers of functioning nephrons
Term
dysuria
Definition
painful or difficult urination
Term
enuresis
Definition
involuntary discharge of urine, incontinence
Term
fistula
Definition
abnormal passage from hollow organ to surface or from one organ to another
Term
frequency
Definition
voiding at frequent intervals
Term
hesitancy
Definition
involuntary delay in initiating urination
Term
nephrotic syndrome
Definition
loss of large amounts of plasma protein in urine due to increased permeability of glomerular membrane
Term
nocturia
Definition
excessive or frequent urination in sleep
Term
oliguria
Definition
diminished capacity to pass urine
Term
urgency
Definition
feeling of the need to void immediately
Term
urolithiasis
Definition
stones in any urinary structure
Term
Wilms tumor
Definition
rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidneys (pediatric)
Term
anorchidism
Definition
congenital absence testes
Term
aspermia
Definition
failure to form semen
Term
balanitis
Definition
inflammation of skin covering the glans penis
Term
epispadias
Definition
malformation where urethra opens on dorsum of penis
Term
erectile dysfunction
Definition
repeated inability to keep erection
Term
hydrocele
Definition
accumulation of serous fluid in testes
Term
hypospadias
Definition
developmental anomaly where urethra opens on underside of penis
Term
phimosis
Definition
stenosis of preputial orifice so foreskin can't retract over glans penis
Term
sterility
Definition
inability to produce offspring
Term
varicocele
Definition
swelling and distention of veins in spermatic cord
Term
cytoscopy
Definition
endoscopy of bladder
Term
nephroscopy
Definition
endoscopy of kidney
Term
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Definition
test for urea nitrogen (waste product of protein metabolism) in blood
Term
culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Definition
test on urine, blood & body secretions to determine organism causing disease and its reactions to antibiotics
Term
urinalysis (UA)
Definition
battery of tests on urine sample
Term
dialysis
Definition
passage of solute through a membrane
Term
hemodialysis
Definition
removal of toxic substances from blood by shunting blood through semipermeable membrane
Term
peritoneal
Definition
removal of toxic substances by perfusing the peritoneal cavity with chemical solution
Term
circumcision
Definition
removal of all or part of foreskin of penis
Term
orchidectomy
Definition
removal of one or both testes
Term
resection of prostate
Definition
partial excision of prostate gland
Term
transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)
Definition
removal of prostatic tissue via cauterization or cryosurgery
Term
urethrotomy
Definition
incision of urethral structure
Term
diuretics
Definition
drugs to promote excretion of urine
Term
genitalia
Definition
sex organs on outside of body
Term
gestation
Definition
length of time from conception to birth
Term
glans
Definition
rounded mass of erectile tissue at end of penis & clitoris
Term
lactation
Definition
production of milk by mammary glands
Term
orifice
Definition
mouth, entrance or outlet of any anatomic structure
Term
puerperium
Definition
6 weeks of mother's life after childbirth
Term
viable
Definition
capable of sustaining life
Term
menstrual
Definition
days 1-5, detached endometrium & blood discharge through vagina
Term
ovulatory
Definition
days 6-14, endometrium thickens, ova mature in graafian follicles, mature egg ovulates & travels down fallopian tube
Term
postovulatory
Definition
days 15-28, corpus luteum forms, estrogen & progesterone excretion, w/o fertilization hormone levels decrease and menstruation begins
Term
amni/o
Definition
amnion (amniocentesis)
Term
cervic/o
Definition
neck, cervis uteri (cervicitis)
Term
colp/o
Definition
vagina (colposcopy)
Term
vagin/o
Definition
vagina (vaginocele)
Term
glact/o
Definition
milk (glactocele)
Term
lact/o
Definition
milk (lactogen)
Term
gynec/o
Definition
female (gynecologist)
Term
hyster/o
Definition
uterus (hysterectomy)
Term
mamm/o
Definition
breast (mammogram)
Term
mast/o
Definition
breast (mastopexy)
Term
men/o
Definition
menstruation (menorrhagia)
Term
metri/o
Definition
uterus (endometrial)
Term
uter/o
Definition
uterus (uterovaginal)
Term
metr/o
Definition
uterus (metroptosis)
Term
nat/o
Definition
birth (prenatal)
Term
oophor/o
Definition
ovary (oophoroma)
Term
ovari/o
Definition
ovary (ovariorrhexis)
Term
perine/o
Definition
perineum (perineorrhaphy)
Term
salping/o
Definition
tube (salpingoplasty)
Term
-arche
Definition
beginning (menarche)
Term
-cyesis
Definition
pregnancy (pseudocyesis)
Term
-gravida
Definition
pregnant woman (multigravida)
Term
-para
Definition
to bear offspring (nullipara)
Term
-salpinx
Definition
fallopian or eustachian tubes (hemosalpinx)
Term
-tocia
Definition
childbirth, labor (dystocia)
Term
-version
Definition
turning (retroversion)
Term
ante-
Definition
before, in front of (anteversion)
Term
dys-
Definition
bad, painful (dysmenorrhea)
Term
endo-
Definition
in, within (endometritis)
Term
multi-
Definition
many, much (multipara)
Term
post-
Definition
after (postnatal)
Term
primi-
Definition
first (primigravida)
Term
menarche
Definition
beginning of menstruation
Term
oligomenorrhea
Definition
infrequent menstrual flow
Term
perineum
Definition
pelvic floor between vulva & anus
Term
puberty
Definition
secondary sex characteristics & ability to reproduce sexually develop
Term
pyosalpinx
Definition
pus in fallopian tube
Term
retroversion
Definition
turning of an organ from its usual position
Term
sterility
Definition
inability of female to become pregnant or male to impregnate female
Term
vaginismus
Definition
spasm of vagina
Term
abruptio placentae
Definition
premature separation of placenta
Term
abortion
Definition
termination of pregnancy
Term
amnion
Definition
membrane on fetal side of placenta, outer surface of umbilical cord
Term
breech presentation
Definition
fetal buttocks or feet present instead of head
Term
Down syndrome, trisomy 21
Definition
congenital condition w/physical malformation & mental retardation
Term
dystocia
Definition
difficult labor
Term
eclampsia
Definition
serious form of toxemia during pregnancy
Term
ectopic pregnancy
Definition
pregnancy where fertilized ovum implants on tissue other than uterus
Term
gravida
Definition
pregnant woman
Term
multigravida
Definition
woman who has been pregnant more than once
Term
multipara
Definition
woman who has delivered more than one viable infant
Term
para
Definition
woman who has given birth to one or more viable infants (twins count as 1)
Term
parturition
Definition
giving birth
Term
pelvimetry
Definition
measuring pelvic dimensions
Term
placenta previa
Definition
placenta attached near cervix, ruptures prematurely with spotting
Term
primigravida
Definition
woman pregnant for first time
Term
primipara
Definition
woman who has given birth to one viable infant
Term
lumpectomy
Definition
excision of breast tumor
Term
mammoplasty, mastoplasty
Definition
surgical breast reconstruction (augmented & reduced)
Term
mastectomy
Definition
excision of breast
Term
salpingo-oophorectomy
Definition
excision of ovary & fallopian tube
Term
tubal ligation
Definition
tie tubes
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