aka "AIDS" 

is the most advanced, and fatal, stage of HIV infection.

aka "Anaphylactic Shock"

a server response to an allergen.

are medications that are capable of inhibiting growth, or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms.

Anti- agains

-bio- life

-tic- pertaining to

a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to presence of a specific antigen.

Anti- against

is an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi.

Anti- against

-fungal- fungus

aka "Immune Reaction"

involves binding antigens to antibodies.

is a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue.

Carcin- cancer

-oma- tumor

describes a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues.

in situ- place where cancer first occurred.

aka "CMV"

is a member of the herpesvirus family that causes a variety of diseases.

Cyt/o- cell

-megal/o- large

-vir- virus 

-us- singular noun

is a medication that kills or damages cells.

Cyt/o- cell

-tox- poison

-ic- pertaining to

function of destroying worn-out red blood cells and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse.

Hem/- blood

-lytic- to destroy

aka "Shingles"

is an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlaying route of an inflamed nerve.

aka "Hodgkin's Disease"

is distinguished from other lymphomas by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells.

aka "HIV"

is a bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the cells or the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life-threatening opportunistic infections.

occurs when the immune response is compromised.

a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response.

Immun/o- immune

-therapy- treatment

aka "Mono"

is caused by the Epistein-Barr Virus (EBV). This condition is characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes.

aka "Invasive ductal carcinoma"

starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue.

aka "Swollen Glands"

is an inflammation of the lymph nodes.

Lymphaden- Lymph nodes

-itis- inflammation

is any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes.

Lymphaden/o- lymph node

-pathy- disease

is a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system.

Lymphangi- lymph vessels 

-oma- tumor

swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues.

Lymph- lymph node

-edema- swelling

are white blood cells that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells.

Lymph/o- lymph

-cytes- cells 

is a general term applies to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues.

Lymph- lymph 

-oma- tumor

type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills invading cells.

Macr/o- large

-phage- cell that eats

is a radiographic examination of the breast to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells.

Mamm/o- breast

-graphy- process of producing a picture or record

is a new cancer site that results from the spreading process.

Meta- beyond

-stasis- stopping

is a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue.

My- muscle

-oma- tumor

is a malignant tumor from muscle tissue.

My/o- muscle

-sarc- flesh

-oma- tumor

a malignant tumor usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis, or knee.

Oste/o- bone

-sarc- flesh

-oma- tumor

aka "German Measles" or "3-day Measles"

is a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash.

a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard tissues, soft tissues, and liquid tissues.

Sarc- flesh

-oma- tumor

an abnormal enlargement of the spleen.

Splen/o- spleen

-megaly- abnormal enlargement

is radiation therapy administered at distance from the body.

Tele- distant

-therapy- treatment

aka "Lockjaw"

Transmitted through a cut or wound. It is called this because it produces muscle spasms that are so server a patient cannot open his or her mouth or swallow.

aka "Chickenpox"

is caused by the herpes virus Varicells zoster and is highly contagious. Characterized by a fever and a rash consisting of hundreds of itchy, fluid-filled blisters that burst and form crusts.

is the absence of oxygen from the body's gases, blood, or tissues.

An- without

-ox- oxygen

-ia- abnormal condition

aka "Black Lung Disease"

is caused by coal dust in the lungs.

Anthrac- coal dust

-osis- abnormal condition or disease

aka "Cough Medicine"

is administered to prevent or relieve coughing.

Anti- against

-tuss- cough

-ive- performs

is the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds.

A- without

-phon- voice or sound

-ia- abnormal condition

is the absence of spontaneous respiration.

A- without

-pnea- means breathing

is caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos.

Asbest- Asbestos

-osis- abnormal condition or disease

aka "Suffocation"

is any interpretation of normal breathing resulting in asphyxia.

is the collapse of part or all of a lung by blockage of the air passages or by very shallow breathing.

Atel- incomplete

-ectasis- stretching or enlargement

is an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10 breaths per minute.

Brady- slow

-pnea- breathing

is an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi.

Bronch/o- bronchus

-rrhea- abnormal flow

is the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope.

Bronch/o- bronchus

-scopy- direct visual examination

is a contraction of the smooth muscle in the wall of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut.

Bronch/o- bronchi

-spasm- involuntary contraction

is any change in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy's voice during puberty.

Dys- bad

-phon- voice or sound

-ia- abnormal condition

aka "Shortness of breath"

is difficult or labored breathing.

Dys- painful

-pnea- breathing

is the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into trachea to establish or maintain an open airway.

Endo- within

-trache- trachea

-al- pertaining to

aka "Nosebleed"

is bleeding from the nose that is usually caused by and injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorder.

is coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage.

Hem/o- blood

-ptysis- spitting

is a collection of blood in the pleural cavity.

Hem/o- blood

-thorax- chest

is the abnormal buildup or carbon dioxide in the blood.

Hyper- excessive

-capn- carbon dioxcide

-ia- abnormal condition

which is commonly associated with exertion, is breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest.

Hyper- excessive

-pnea- breathing

is shallow or slow respiration.

Hypo- decreased

-pnea- breathing

is a condition of having below-normal oxygen level in the blood.

Hyp- deficient

-ox- oxygen

-emia- blood

is the condition of having below-normal oxygen levels in the body tissues and cells; however, it is less severe than anoxia.

Hyp- deficient 

-ox- oxygen

-ia- abnormal condition

is the surgical removal of the larynx.

Laryng- larynx

-ectomy- surgical removal

is an inflammation of the larynx.

Laryng- larynx

-itis- inflammation

is paralysis of the larynx.

Laryng/o- Larynx

-plegia- paralysis

is the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope inserted through the mouth and placed into the pharynx to examine the larynx.

Laryng/o- larynx

-scopy- direct visual examination

aka "Atomizer"

pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via face mask or mouth piece.

aka "ENT"

is a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the ears, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck.

Ot/o- ear

-laryng- larynx

-ologist- specialist

aka "Whooping Cough"

is a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness, and a noisy inspiration.

aka "Sore Throat"

is the inflammation of the pharynx.

Pharyng- pharynx

-itis- inflammation

is the surgical repair of the pharynx.

Pharyng/o- Pharynx

-plasty- surgical repair

is the surgical removal of part of the pleura.

Pleure- pleura

-ectomy- surgical removal

aka "Pleuritis"

is an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath.

Pleur- Pleura

-isy- is a noun ending

is pain in the pleura that occurs in relation to breathing movements.

Pleur/o- Pleura 

-dynia- pain

is fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after prolonged environmental or occupational contact.

Pneum/o- lung

-coni- dust

-osis- abnormal condition or disease

is the surgical removal of all or part of the lung.

Pneumon- lung

-ectomy- surgical removal

is the accumulation of air in the pleural space causing a pressure imbalance that prevents the lung from fully expanding or can cause it to collapse.

Pneum/o- lung or air

-thorax- chest

aka "Sleep Apnea Study"

Measures physiological activity during sleep and is most often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea.

Poly- many

-somn/o- sleep

-graphy- process of recording

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the lungs and associated tissues.

Pulmon- lung

-ologist- specialist

is an external monitor placed on the patients finger or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood level.

Ox/i- oxygen

-meter- to measure

is the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane.

Py/o- pus

-thorax- chest

is an inflammation of the sinuses.

Sinus- sinus

-itis- inflammation

is an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute.

Tachy- rapid

-pnea- breathing

is the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity.

Thor/a- chest

-centesis- surgical puncture to remove fluid

is the surgical creation of an opening into the chest cavity.

Thorac- thorax or chest

-ostomy- surgical creation of an opening

is the creation of a stoma into the trachea and inserting a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions.

Trache- trachea

-ostomy- surgically creating an opening

is usually an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage.

Trache- trachea

-otomy- surgical incision

is the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach.

Aer/o- air

-phagia- swallowing

aka "Amebiasis"

is transmitted by food or water that contaminated due to poor sanitary conditions.

is a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting.

Anti- against

-emet- vomit

-ic- pertaining to

aka "Canker Sores"

are grey-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth.

aka "Food Poisoning"

is a rare, but very serious, condition transmitted through contaminated food or an infected wound.

Bulimia- continuous, excessive hunger

is an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications.

aka "Cheilitis"

is a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth.

Cheil- lip

-osis- abnormal condition or disease

is a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of contrast medium.

Cholangi/o- bile duct

-graphy- process of recording

is an acute infection of the bile duct characterized by pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice.

Cholang- bile duct

-itis- inflammation

is pain in the gallbladder.

Cholecyst- gallbladder

-algia- pain

is inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile.

Cholecyst- gallbladder

-itis- inflammation

is an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones.

Choledoch/o- common bile duct

-lith- stone

-otomy- surgical incision

is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts.

Chole- bile or gall

-lithiasis- presence of stones

is a progressive degenerative disease of the liver that is often cause by excessive alcohol use or by hepatitis B or C.

Cirrh- yellow or orange

-osis- abnormal condition or disease

is the inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon.

Diverticul- diverticulum

-itis- inflammation

is the presence of a number of diverticula in the colon.

Diverticul- diverticulum

-osis- abnormal condition or disease

aka "Indigestion"

is pain or discomfort in digestion.

difficulty in swallowing.

Dys- difficult

-phagia- swallowing

aka "Vomiting"

is the reflex ejection of the stomach contents through the mouth. 

is an inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens.

Enter- small intestine

-itis- inflammation

is an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract which includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum.

Esophag/o- esophagus

-gastr/o- stomach

-duoden/o- duodenum

-scopy- visual examination

is the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach, and the duodenum.

Gastr/o- stomach

-duoden- first part of the small intestine

-ostomy- surgically creating an opening

aka "GERD"

is the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus.

Gastr/o- stomach

-esophag- esophagus

-eal- pertaining to

is a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach.

Gastr- stomach

-ostomy- surgically creating an opening

is the vomiting of blood.

Hemat- blood

-emesis- vomiting

aka "Fecal Occult Blood Test"

is a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools.

Hem- blood

-occult- hidden

is an inflammation of the liver.

Hepat- liver

-itis- inflammation

aka "Cold Sores"

are blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that cause by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1.

is a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward onto the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm.

Hiat- opening

-al- pertaining to

is extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration.

Hyper- excessive

-emesis- vomiting

is the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools.

Melan- black or dark,

-a- is a noun ending

is the placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach.

Nas/o- nose

-gastr- stomach

-ic- pertaining to

consists of the bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth.

Peri- surrounding

-odonti- teeth

-um- noun ending

is the surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ.

 Proct/o- rectum

-pexy- surgical fixation

aka "Samonella"

is transmitted by food that is contaminated by feces.

is the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon.

Sigmoid/o- sigmois colon

-scopy- visual examination

aka "Dry Mouth"

is the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands.

Xer/o- dry

-stom- mouth

-ia- pertaining to