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Definition
| Skin, and accessory organs of hair, nails, and glands. FX: covers and protects all outer surfaces of the body, & has many vital fxs including sense of touch, protecting body against uv rays, regulating body temp, preventing dehydration, resevoir for food and water, synthesizes vitamin D.. |
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Definition
| Outer layer of the skin. Consists of 5 layers, most important are statum corneum (contains dead flat cells that lack blood supply and sensory receptors), and basal layer (deepest layer and is the only layer of the epidermis that is composed of living cells where new cells are formed) |
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| hard protein material that replaces cells that have been sloughed off. Waterporrf characteristic of keratin prevents body fluids from evaporating and moisture from entering the body. |
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| IN the basal layer, special cells called melanocytes produce a black pigment called melanin. Melanin provides a protective barrier from the damaging efects of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, which can cause skin cancer. |
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| 2nd layer of the skin (also called corium), and is composed of living tissue and contains numerous capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and nerve endings. Hair follicles, sebacceous glands, and sudoriferous (sweat) glands are also located in the dermis. |
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Term
| Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) |
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Definition
| binds the dermis to underlying structures & is composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue interlaced with blood vessels. FX= stores fats, insulates and cushions the body, and regulates temperature. |
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Term
| Exocrine glands of the integumentary system |
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Definition
| Sudoriferous (sweat) glands produce sweat on the skin through pores most plentiful on the palms, soles, forehead, and axillae and fx to cool the body by evaporation, excrete waste products, and moisten surface cells. Sebaceous (oil) glands are filled with cells whose centers contain fatty droplets. As these cells disintegrate, they yield an oily secretion called sebum. The acidic quality helps to destroy harmful orgainisms on the skin, preventing infection. When ductules of sebaceous glands become blocked, acne may result. Sex hormones androgens regulate production and secretion of sebum. |
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| Found everywehre on the body except lips, nipples, palms, soles, and parts of external genitalia. VIsibile part of hair is the hair shaft, that embedded in the dermis is the hair root. Root with coverings forms the hair follicle. Bottom of the follicle is a loop of capillaries enclosed in a covering is called the papilla |
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| baldness. occurs when the hairs of the scalp are not replaced because of death of the papillae. |
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| Protect the tips of fingers and toes from bruises and injuries. Each nail is formed in the nail root and is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells producing a very tough covering. As the nail grows, it stays attached and slides forward over the layer of epithelium called the nail bed. The lunula is the region where new growth occurs. |
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| Generic term for an agent (usually a hormone, such as testosterone and androsterone) that stimulates development of male characteristics. |
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| formation of a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements. |
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fat
ex: adiposis (abnormal condition of fat)
lipocele: hernia containing fat
statitis: inflammation of fatty tissue |
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Skin
i.e.: subcutaneous (pertaining to beneath the skin
dermatoplasty: surgical repair of the skin
hypodermic: pertaining to under the skin |
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Definition
sweat
ex: hidradenitis: inflammation of the sweat glands
sudoresis: profuse sweating |
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Definition
dry/scaly
ichthyosis: abnormal condition of dry or scaly skin (Ichtyosis can be any of several dermatological conditions in which the skin is dry and hardened, resembling fish scales. A mild form of ichthyosis called winter itch, is commonly seen on the legs of older patients, esp. during the winter months). |
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horny tissue; hard; cornea
ex: keratosis: abnomal condition of horny tissue (Keratosis is a thickened area of the epidermis or any horrny growth on the skin, such as a callus or wart) |
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black
ex: melanoma: black tumor |
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fungus
ex: dermatomycosis: fungal infection of the skin |
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nail
ex: onychomalacia: softening of the nails
ungual: pertaining to the nails |
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Definition
hair
ex: pilonidal: pertaining to hair in a nest (nid-nest)
(a pilonidal cyst commonly develops in the skin at the base of the spine. It develops as a growth of hair in a dermoid cyst).
trichopathy: disease involving the hair |
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Definition
hardening: sclera (white of eye)
ex: scleroderma: hardening of the skin
Scleroderma is an autoimmune disorer that causes the skin and internal organs to become progressively hardened due to deposits of collagen. It may occur as a localized form or as a systemic disease |
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sebum, sebaceous
ex: seborrhea: discharge of sebum (Seborrhea is an excessive secretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands). |
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scale
squamous: pertaining to scales (or covered with scales) |
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foriegn, strange
ex: xenograft: skin transplantation from a foriegn donor (usually a pig) for a human; also called heterograft. Xenografts are used as a temporary graft to protect the patient agains infection and fluid loss |
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dry
ex: xeroderma: dry skin (Xeroderma is a chronic skin condition characterized by dryness and roughness and is a mmild form of icthyosis). |
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without, not
ex: anhidrosis - abnormal condition of abscence of sweat |
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through, across
ex: diaphoresis: excessive or profuse sweating - phoresis = carrying transmission |
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excessive, above, normal
ex: hyperhidrosis: excessive or profuse sweatting. also called diaphoresis or sudoresis |
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under, below
ex: subungual: pertaining to beneath the nail of a finger or toe (ungu-nail) |
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Definition
| flat, pigmented, circumscribed area less than 1cm in diameter. examples include freckles, flat mole, or rash that occurs in rubella |
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| Solid, elevated lesion less than 1cm in diameter that may be same color as the skin or pigmented. examples: nevus, wart, pimple, ringworm, psoriasis, eczema |
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| palpable, circumscribed lesion, larger and deeper than a papule (0.6 - 2cm in diameter) extends into the dermal area: examples: intradermal nevus, benign or malignant tumor. |
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| solid, elevated lesion larger than 2cm in diameter that extends into the dermal and subcutaneous layers: examples: lipoma, steatoma, dermatofibroma, hemangloma |
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| elevated, ifrm, rounded lesion with localized skin edeam that vaires in shape and color, paler in the center than its surrounding edges, accompanied by itching. Examples: hives, insect bites |
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| elevated, circumscribed fluid filled lesion less than 0.5cm in diameter. Examples: poison ivy, shingles |
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| Small, raised, crcumscribed lesion that contains pus, usually less, than 1cm in diameter: examples: acne, furuncle, pustular psoriasis, scabies |
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A vesicle or blister larger than 1 cm in diameter
examples: 2ndd degree burn, severe poison oak, poison |
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| secondary lesions: excoriations |
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Definition
| linear scratch marks or traumatized abrasions of the epidermis: ex. scratches, abrasions, chemical or thermal burns |
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| Small slit or crack like sore that extends into the dermal layer, could be caused by continuous inflammation and drying |
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| An open sore or lesion that extends to the dermis and usually heals with scarring. Examples: pressure sore, basal cell carcinoma |
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| least serious, only injure the epidermis, caused by brief contact with either dry or moist heat, sunburn, or exposure to chemicals. Injury restricted to local effects, such as skin redness (erythema) and acute sensititvity to sensory stimuli (hyperestehesia). generally, blisters do not form and the burn heals without scar formation. |
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| deep burns that damage both the epidermis and part of the dermis, caused by contact with flames, hot liquids, or chemicals. Symptoms same as 1st degree burns, but fluid-filled blisters (vesicles or bullae) form and the burn may heal with little or no scaring. |
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| 3rd degree burns (full thickness burns) |
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Definition
| epidermis and dermis are destroyed and some fo the underlying connective tissue is damaged, leaving the skin wayxy and charred with insensitvity to touch. THe underlying bones, muscles, and tendons may also be damaged. caused by orrosive chemicals, flames, electricity, or extremely hot objects, immersion of the body in extremely hot water or clothing that catches fire. Because of the extensiveness of tissue destruction, ulcerating wounds develop and the body attempts to heal itself by forming scar tissue. |
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| localized collection of pus at the site of an infection (characteristically a staphylococcal infecection). When a localized absces originates in a hair follicle, it is called a furnuncle or boil. A cluster of furncles in the subcutaneous tissue resluts in the formation of a carbuncle. |
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Definition
| Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin with characteristic lesions that include blackheads (comedos) inflammatory papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts, usually associated with seborrhea, also called acne vulgaris. Acne results from thickening of the follicular opening, increased sebum production, and the presence of bacteria. It is associated with an inflammatory response. The face, neck, and shoulders are common sites for this condition. |
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| Partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, an endocrine disorder, a drug reaction, anticancer medication, or a skin disease, commonly called baldness |
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| Form of intraepidermal carcinoma (squamous cell) characterized by red brown scaly or cursted lesions that resemble a patch of psoriasis or dermatitis; also called Bowen precancerous dermatosis. treatments include curettage and electrodesiccation. |
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Definition
| Diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tisue. Cellulitis is characterized by a light glossy appearance of the skin, localized heat, redness, pain, swelling and, occassionally, fever, malaise, and chills |
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Definition
| Pigmentary skin discoloration usually occuring in yellowish brown patches or spots |
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| Typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by acumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin. The closed form of comedo, called a whitehead, consists of a papule from which the contents are not easily expressed. |
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Definition
| Infection of the skin caused by fungi (common example includes ringworm) |
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| Skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greeninsh brown or yellow. Commonly called a bruise |
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| Chronic skin inflammation characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabs, and possibly itching. |
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| Redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries (Example is mild sunburn or nervous blushing) |
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| Damaged tissue following a severe burn. |
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| Bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and ruputre. |
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| Thickened area of the epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (such as a callus or wart) |
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| Small brown macules, especially on the face and arms,brought on by sun exposure, usually in a middle-aged or older person. (these pigmented lesions of the skin are benign and no treatment is necessary unless cosmetic repair is ddesired) |
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| Unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin |
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Definition
| INfestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear (pedicul: lice) |
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| Minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin (Petechia is a smaller version of an ecchymosis) |
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| Skin ulceration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one posistion that prevents blood flow to the tissues, usually in bedridden patients; also known as decubitus ulcer. |
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| Chronic skin disease characterized by circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry, slivery adherent scales, caused by excesive development of the basal layer of the epidermis. New psoriasis lesions tend to appear at sites of trauma. They may be found in any location, but commonly on scalp, knees, elbows, umbilicus, and genitalia. |
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| ANy of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tisues, particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing ecchymoses or petechiae. |
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| Contagious skin disease transmitted y the itch mite, commonly through seual contact. Scabies manifests as papules, vesicles, pustules, and burrows and causes intense itching commonly resulting in secondary infections. The axillae, genitalia, inner aspect of the thights, and areas between the fingers are most commonly affected. |
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| Fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected. Also called ringworm. Examples include tinea barbae (beard), tinea corporis (body), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea versicolor (skin) and tinea cruris (jock itch) |
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| Allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives |
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| Epidermal growth caused by a virus, also known as warts. Types include plantar warts, juvenile warts, and veneral warts. Verrucae may be removed by cryosurgery, electrocautery, or acids, however, they may regrow if the virus remains in the skin |
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| Localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk white patches |
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| Any test in which a suspected allergen or sensitizer is appied to or injected into the skin to determine the patient's sensitivity to it. |
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| Skin test that identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of the suspected allergens and observing the skin for a subsequent reaction. |
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| Chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratoses, also called chemabrasion |
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Definition
| Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents. Debridement is used to promote healing and prevent infection. |
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| Rubbing (abrasion) using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away (abrade) the epidermis. This procedure is used to remove acne scars, tattoos, and scar tissue. |
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Definition
| Tissue destruction by means of high-frequency electric current. also called electrodesiccation. |
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| Use of subfreezing temperature (commonly liquid nitrogen) to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue, such as tumors, warts, and unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue. |
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| Incision and Drainage (I&D) |
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Definition
| Process of cutting through a lesion such as an abscess and draining its contents. |
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| Surgical procedure to transplant helathy tissue by applying it to an injured site. Human, animal, or artificial skin can be used to provide a temp. covering or permanent layer of skin over a wound or burn |
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Definition
| Transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person, also called a homograft. In an allograft, the donor is usually a cadaver. |
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Definition
| Transplantation of healthy tisssue from one site to another site in the same individual |
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| Transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern. The recipient's body does not reject synthetic skin (produced artificially) and healing skin grows into it as the graft gradually disintegrates. |
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| Transplantation (dermis only) from a foriegn donor (usually a pig) and transferred to a human; also called heterograft. A xenograft is used as a temp graft to protect the patient against infections and fluid loss. |
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