Term
| upper right or left chamber of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| membrane lining the cavities of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| membrane forming the outer layer of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| partition between the right and left atria |
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Definition
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Term
| partition between the right and left ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protectie sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between |
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Term
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Definition
| layer closest to the heart (visceral = pertaining to organ) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fluid filled cavity between the pericardial layers |
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Term
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Definition
| lower right or left chamber of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| structures within the heart that open and close with the heart beat to regulate the one way flow of blood |
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Term
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Definition
| heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta |
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Term
| mitral valve or bicuspid valve |
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Definition
heart valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
(cuspis = point) |
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Term
| pulmonary semilunar valve |
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Definition
| heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery |
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Term
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Definition
| valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| valves located at intervals within the lining of veins, especially in the legs, which constrict with muscle action to move the blood returning to the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| vessels that carry blood from the heart to the arterioles |
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Term
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Definition
| large artery that is the main trunk of the arterial system branching from the left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| small vessels that receive blood from the arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules |
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Term
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Definition
| small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins |
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Term
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Definition
| vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules |
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Term
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Definition
| circulation of blood throughout the body via arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
| circultion of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchange of gases |
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Term
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Definition
| to expand; period during the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria |
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Term
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Definition
| to contract; period during the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction the blood is ejected through the aorta and the pulmonary artery |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the pacemaker; highly specialized, neurological tissue impeded in the wallof the right atrium; responsible for initiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the AV node |
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Term
| atrioventricular node (AV) |
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Definition
| neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of his |
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Term
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Definition
| neurological fibers extending from the AV node to the right and left bundle branches that fire the impulse from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers |
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Term
| purkinje fibers or purkinje network |
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Definition
| fibers in the ventricle that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles causing them to contract |
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Term
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Definition
| resting; resting state of a myocardial cell |
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Term
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Definition
| change of a myocardial cell from a polarized (resting) state to a state of contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| recharging of the myocardial cell from a contracted state back to a resting state |
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Term
| normal sinus rhythm (NSR) |
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Definition
| regular rhythm of the heart cycle stimulated by the SA node (average rate of 60 - 100 bpm) |
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Term
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Definition
| a widening; a bulging of the wall of the heart, aorta, or artery caused by a congenital defect or acquired weakness |
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Term
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Definition
| a sac like bulge on one side |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a split or tear of the vessel wall |
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Term
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Definition
| chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood the the heart muscle; often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| thickening, loss of elasticity and calcification (hardening) of arterial walls |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the build up of fatty substances that harden within the walls of arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by the buildup of fat (lipids) |
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Term
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Definition
| to limp; pain in a limb (especially in the calf) while walking that subsides after rest; caused by inadequate blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
| compression of a part that causes narrowing (stenosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| profuse sweating (perspiration) |
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Term
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Definition
| a clot (e.g. air, fat, or a foreign object) carried in the bloodstream that obstructs the flow of blood when it lodges) |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves |
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Term
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Definition
| to stuff; a localized area of necrosis (condition of tissue death) caused by ischemia resulting from occlusion of a blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| to hold back blood; decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| plugging; and obstruction or a closing off |
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Term
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Definition
| subjective experience of pounding, skipping or racing heartbeats |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of narrowing of a part |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally as a result of infection |
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Term
| acute coronary syndrome (ACS) |
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Definition
| signs and symptoms indicating an active process of atherosclerotic plaque building or formation of a thrombus, or spasm within a coronary artery, causing a reduction or loss of blood flow to myocardial tissue; includes unstable angina and other pathological events leading to myocardial infarction (MI); early diagnosis and rapid treatment are critical to avoid or minimize damage to heart muscle |
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Term
| arrhythmia or dysrhythmia |
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Definition
| any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heart beat |
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Term
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Definition
| slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm) |
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Term
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Definition
| chaotic; irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular ___ |
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Term
| premature ventricular contraction (pvc) |
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Definition
| a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker) |
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Term
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Definition
| fast heart rate - greater than 100 bpm |
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Term
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Definition
| a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves |
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Term
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Definition
| compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, as results of pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| a general term for disease of the heart muscle, such as alcoholic __ (damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive consumption of alcohol) |
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Term
| congenital anomaly of the heart |
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Definition
| malformations of the heart that are present at birth |
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Term
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Definition
| an opening in the septum separating the atria |
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Term
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Definition
| narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth |
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Term
| ventricular septal defect |
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Definition
| an opening in the septum separating the ventricles |
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Term
| congestive heart failure AKA left ventricular failure |
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Definition
| failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body; resulting in a bottleneck of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body |
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Term
| cor pulmonale - AKA right ventricular failure |
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Definition
| enlargement of the right ventricle, resulting from chronic disease within the lungs, that causes congestion within pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs |
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Term
| coronary artery disease CAD |
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Definition
| a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis |
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Term
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Definition
| persistently high blood pressure |
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Term
| Primary hypertension AKA essential hypertension |
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Definition
| high blood pressure attributed to no single cause; risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors |
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Term
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Definition
| high blood pressure caused by effects of another disease (e.g. kidney disease) |
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Term
| Mitral valve prolapse MVP |
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Definition
| protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and back flow of blood |
|
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Term
| myocardial infarction (MI) |
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Definition
| heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) as a result of an occlusion of a coronary artery; usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulders, neck, jaw), shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of myocardium; most often caused by viral or bacterial infection |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the pericardium |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a streptococcal infection) |
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Term
| sudden cardiac arrest (SCA |
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Definition
| the abrupt cessation of any cardiac output, most commonly as the result of ventricular fibrillation; causes sudden death unless defibrillation is initiated immediately |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body; occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally swollen, twisted vines with defective valves; most often seen in the legs |
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Term
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Definition
| physical exam method of listening to sounds within the body with a stethoscope |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal heart sound that mimics the gait of a horse; related to abnormal ventricular contraction |
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Term
| electrocardiogram ECG or EKG |
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Definition
| an electrical picture of the heart represented by positive and negative deflections on a graph labeled with the letters P,Q, R, S, and T which correspond to events of the cardiac cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| EKG of the heart recorded during the induction of controlled physical exercise using a treadmill or ergometer (bicycle); useful in detecting heart conditions |
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Term
| holter ambulatory monitor |
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Definition
| portable electrocardiograph worn by the patient that monitors electrical activity of the heart over 24 hours; useful in detecting periodic abnormalities |
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Term
| intracardiac electrophysiological study EPS |
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Definition
| invasive procedure involving placement of a catheter- guided electrodes within the heart to evaluate and map the electrical conduction of cardiac arrhythmias; intracardiac catheter ablation may be performed at the same time to treat the arrhythmia |
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Term
| intracardiac catheter ablation |
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Definition
| use of radio frequency waves sent through a catheter within the heart to treat arrhythmias by selectively destroying myocardial tissue at sites that generate abnormal electrical pathways |
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Term
| magnetic resonance angiography MRA |
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Definition
| magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and blood vessels for evaluation of pathology |
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Term
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Definition
| radionuclide organ imaging of the heart after administration of radioactive isotopes to visualize structures and to analyze functions |
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Term
| myocardial radionuclide perfusion scan |
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Definition
| scan of the heart made after an IV injection of an isotope (thallium) as it is absorbed by myocardial cells in proportion to blood flow throughout the heart; useful in evaluation coronary artery disease |
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Term
| myocardial radionuclide profusion stress test |
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Definition
| nuclear profusion scan of the heart that is made before and after the injection of controlled physical exercise or a pharmaceutical agent that produces the effect of exercise stress in patients who are unable to ambulate |
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Term
| multiple-gated acquisition scan (MUGA) |
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Definition
| nuclear imaging of the beating heart in motion made as radioactive isotopes are injected in the bloodstream and traced through the hearts chambers; useful in evaluating the pumping function of the ventricles. |
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Term
| positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the heart |
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Definition
| use of specialized nuclear isotopes and computed tomographic techniques to produce perfusion images and to study the cellular metabolism of the heart; can be performed at rest or with stress |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| process of xray imaging a blood vessel after injection of contrast medium, most commonly after catheter placement |
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Term
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Definition
| record obtained by angiography |
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Term
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Definition
| x-ray image of the blood vessels of the heart using a catheter to inject contrast |
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Term
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Definition
| x-ray of a particular artery (e.g. coronary arteriogram, or renal arteriogram) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| introduction of a flexible, narrow tube through a vein or artery into the heart to withdraw samples of blood, to measure pressures within the heart chambers or vessels, and to inject contrast media for fluoroscopic radiography and cine film (motion picture) imaging of the chambers of the heart and coronary arteries; often includes interventional procedures, such as angioplasty and atherectomy. |
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Term
| left heart catheterization |
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Definition
| x ray image of the left ventricular cavity and coronary arteries |
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Term
|
Definition
| x ray image of the ventricles |
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Term
| right heart catheterization |
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Definition
| measurement of oxygen saturation and pressure readings of the right side of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| measurement of the amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| measurement of the amount of blood ejected per minute from either ventricle of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| measurement of the volume percentage of left ventricular contents ejected with each contraction |
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Term
| computed tomographic angiography CTA |
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Definition
| specialized noninvasive, 3-d computed tomographic scan of thw heart and circulation of the greater blood vessels, such as the coronary arteries, aorta, and pulmonary veins; performed with or without contrast |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| recording of sound waves through the heart to evaluate structure and motion |
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Term
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Definition
| echocardiogram of the heart recorded during the induction of controlled physical exercise of a pharmaceutical agent that produces the effect of exercise stress in patients unable to ambulate; useful in detecting conditions such as ischemia or infarction |
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Term
| transesophageal echocardiogram TEE |
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Definition
| echocardiogram of the heart after placement of an ultrasonic transducer at the end of an endoscope inside the esophagus |
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Term
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Definition
| ultrasound technique used to evaluate blood flow to determine the presence of a deep vein thrombosis DVT or carotid insufficiency, or to determine flow through the heart, chambers, valves, and so on. |
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Term
| coronary artery bypass graft CABG |
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Definition
| grafting a portion of a blood vessel retrieved from another part of the body to bypass an occluded coronary artery, restoring circulatin to myocardial tissue; the traditional method includes temporary arrest of the heart with circulation of the patients blood through a heart lung machine during the procedure; an alternative off pump approach uses a stabilizer to perform the procedure on the beating heart |
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Term
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Definition
| opening; the joining of two blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical removal of the lining of an artery to clear a blockage caused by a clot or atherosclerotic plaque buildup |
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Term
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Definition
| surgery to replace a diseased heart valve with an artificial valve; there are two types of artificial valves; tissue valves, most commonly made from animal tissue, and mechanical valves made from synthetic material |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical repair of a defective heart valve |
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Term
| percutaneous coronary intervention |
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Definition
| interventional procedures used to treat coronary artery disease performed at the time of cardiac cath in a specialized lab setting instead of the traditional operating room |
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Term
| angioscopy aka vascular endoscopy |
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Definition
| use of a flexible fiberoptic angioscope that is guided through a specific blood vessel to visually assess a lesion and to select the mode of therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| excision of atheromatous plaque from within an artery utilizing a device housed in a flexible catheter that selectively cuts away or pulverizes tissue buildup |
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Term
| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTCA |
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Definition
| a method for treating the narrowing of a coronary artery by inserting a specialized cath with a balloon attachment then inflating the balloon to dilate and open the narrowed portion of the vessel and restore blood flow to the myocardium; most often includes the placement of a stent |
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Term
| intravascular stent placement |
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Definition
| implantation of a device used to reinforce the wall of a vessel and assure its patency (openness); most often used to treat a stenosis or a dissection or to reinforce patency of a vessel after angioplasty |
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Term
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Definition
| termination of ventricular fibrillation by delivering an electrical stimulus to the heart; most commonly this is done by applying the electrodes of the defibrillator externally to the chest wall, but it can also be performed internally such as during open heart surgery or via an implanted device |
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Term
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Definition
| device that delivers the electrical stimulus in defibrillation |
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Term
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Definition
| restoration of a fast or irregular heart rate to a normal rhythm either by pharmaceutical means or by delivery of electrical energy |
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Term
| implantable cardioverter defibrillator ICD |
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Definition
| an implanted battery operated device with rate sensing leads. the device monitors cardiac impulses and initiates an electrical stimulus as needed to stop ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia. |
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Term
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Definition
| a device used to treat slow heart rates by electrically stimulating the heart to contract; most often it is implanted with lead wires and battery circuitry under the skin but it can also be placed on a temporary basis externally via lead wires inserted into the heart via a vein |
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Term
| angiotensin converting enzyme ACE inhibitor |
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Definition
| drug that suppresses the conversion of angiotensin in teh blood by the angiotensin converting enzyme; used in treatment of hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that dilates coronary arteries, restoring oxygen to the tissues to relieve the pain of angina pectoris |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that counteracts cardiac arrhythmia |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that prevents clotting of blood; commonly used in the treatment of thrombophlebitis and myocardial infarction |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that lowers blood pressure |
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Term
| beta adrenergic blocking agents or beta blockers |
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Definition
| agents that inhibit responses to sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity, causing a slowing of electrical conduction and heart rate and a lowering of the pressure within the walls of the vessels; used to treat angina pectoris and hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells causing a slowing of the heart rate; a lessening of the demand for oxygen and nutrients and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation used to prevent or treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that increases the force of myocardial contractions in the heart; commonly used to treat congestive heart failure |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that reduces serum fat and cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
| druges used to dissolve thrombi; used in acute management of MI and stroke; commonly called clot busters |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that causes a narrowing of the blood vessels, thereby decreasing blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that causes dilation of the blood vessels thereby increasing blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| angiotensin- converting enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| coronary artery bypass graft |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| computed tomographic angiography |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY |
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Term
|
Definition
| MULTIPLE GATED ACQUISITION (SCAN) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY |
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Term
|
Definition
| PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY |
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Term
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Definition
| PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAM |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue plasminogen activator |
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Term
|
Definition
| ventricular septal defect |
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Term
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Definition
| liquid portion of the blood and lymph; contains water proteins and cellular components (leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets) |
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Term
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Definition
| liquid portion of the blood that remains after clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| red blood cell; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
| the protein iron compound in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
| white blood cell; protects the body from harmful invading substances |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| a granular leukocyte named for the neutral stain of its granules that fights infection by swallowing bacteria |
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Term
| polymorphonuclear leukocyte |
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Definition
| another term for neutrophil; referring to the many segments of its nucleus |
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Term
|
Definition
| a granular leukocyte named for the rose colored stain of its granules that increases in allergic and some infectious reactions |
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Term
|
Definition
| a granular leukocyte named for the dark stain of its granules that brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of leukocytes without granules in their nucluei |
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Term
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Definition
| an agranulocyte leukocyte that is active in the process of immunity; the three categories are : T cells, B cells, and Natural killer cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| thrombocytes; cell fragments in the blood that are essential for blood clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| primary gland of the lymphatic system, located within the mediastinum that helps to maintain the bodies immune response by producing T lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| organ between the stomach and the diaphragm that filters out aging blood cells, removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis and provides the environment for lymphocytes to initiate immune responses |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid that is circulated through the lymph vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| microscopic vessels that draw lymph from tissues to the lymph vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| white or pale yellow substance in lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals |
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Term
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Definition
| many small oval structures that filter lymph from the lymph vessels; major locations include the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions |
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Term
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Definition
| collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the vines |
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Term
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Definition
| receives lymph from the right upper part of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities |
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Term
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Definition
| process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that when introduced into the body causes the formation of antibodies against it |
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Term
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Definition
| substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered to body |
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Term
|
Definition
| a long lasting immunity that results from stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies; developed either naturally in response to an infection or artificially in response to the administration of a vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
| a short lasting immunity that results from foreign antibodies that are conveyed either naturally, through the placenta to a fetus, or artificially, by injection of a serum containing antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of small red blood cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| presence of large red blood cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| presence of red blood cells of unequal size |
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Term
|
Definition
| presence of large irregularly shaped red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| an increased number of immature erythrocytes in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormally reduced number of RBC's |
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Term
|
Definition
| an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes |
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Term
|
Definition
| a decreased number of neutorphils |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormally decreased number of platelets in the blood, impairing the clotting process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breakdown of the red blood cell membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| impaired immunologic defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or by therapy with immunosuppressive agents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| impaired ability to provide an immune response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlargement of the spleen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus that renders immune cells ineffective permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop; transmitted sexually or through contaminated blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red blood cells in the blood, resulting in diminished ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a microcytic -hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin and is characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a macrocytic normochrmic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin b12, causing RBCs to become large, varied in shape and reduced in number |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function; rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are examples. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with RH positive blood and a mother with RH negative blood, causing RBC destruction in the fetus; a blood transfusion is necessary to save the fetus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presence or lack of antigens on the surface of RBC's, which cause a reaction btwn RH + and RH - blood |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic or acute malignant disease of the blood forming organs, characterized by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation of abnormal stem cells; usually develops into a specific type of leukemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant as in hodgkin disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indicates spreading to two or more distant sites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition caused by the Epstein Barr virus and characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue and sore throat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood |
|
|
Term
| phlebotomy or venipuncture |
|
Definition
| incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test of the fluid portion of blood to measure the amounts of its chemical constituents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized batteries of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood; used as a general screen for disease or to target specific organs or conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| battery of tests used as a general screen for disease; includes tests for calcium, carbon dioxide, chloride, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium and blood urea nitrogen |
|
|
Term
| comprehensive metabolic panel |
|
Definition
| tests performed in addition to the basic panel for expanded screening: albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, protein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test to determine if infection is present in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages the growth of microorganisms; the specimen is observed and the organisms that grow in the culture are identified. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure of the number of CD4 cells in the blood; used in monitoring the course of HIV and in timing the treatment of AIDS; the normal adult range is 600-1500 cells in a given volume of blood |
|
|
Term
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
|
Definition
| timed test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle through a volume of plasma |
|
|
Term
| partial thromboplastin time |
|
Definition
| test to determine coagulation defects, such as platelet disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance present in tissues, platelets and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| test to measure activity of prothrombin in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a common lab blood test performed as a screen for general health or for diagnostic purposes and typically includes the component tests that follow; test results are usually reported along with normal values so that the clinician can interpret the results based on the instrumentation used by the lab; normal ranges also may vary depending on the region and climate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a count of the number of white blood cells in a given volume of blood obtained via manual or automated lab methods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a count of the number of red blood cells in a given volume of blood obtained via manual or automated lab methods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calculations of RBC, HGB, and HCT results to determine the average size, hemoglobin concentration and content of red blood cells to classify anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calculation of the volume of individual red blood cells using HCT and RBC results |
|
|
Term
| mean corpuscular hemoglobin |
|
Definition
| calculation of the content of hemoglobin in the average rbc using hgb and rbc results |
|
|
Term
| mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration |
|
Definition
| calculation of the average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell using HGB and HCT results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| determination of the number of each type of white blood cell in a stained blood spear; each type is counted and reported as a percentage of the total examined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| as part of identifying and counting the white blood cells, the condition, size and shape of red blood cells in the background of the smear slide are noted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood; the normal adult range is 150,000 - 450,000 platelets in a given volume of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathologic examination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pathologic exam of bone marrow tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an x-ray image of a lymph node or vessel obtained after injection of a contrast medium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| full body x ray images are used to detect tumors and cancers such as lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| positron emission tomography |
|
Definition
| scanning technique combining nuclear med and computed tomography tech to produce images of anatomy and metabolic function within the body; useful in determining the recurrence of cancers or to measure response to therapy; commonly used in evaluating lymphoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transplantation of healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor to a disased recipient to stimulate blood cell production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incision into a lymph node |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of the thymus gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| introduction of blood products into the circulation of a recipient whose blood volume is reduced or deficient in some manner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood donated by and stored for a patient for future personal use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood voluntarily donated by a person for transfusion to a compatible recipient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transfusion of a specific blood component such as packed red blood cells platelets or plasma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| method of matching a donors blood to the recipient by mixing a sample in a test tube to determine compatibility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents to destroy selected cells or to impair their ability to reproduce |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of biologic agents to prevent or treat disease by stimulating the bodies own defense mechanisms as seen in the treatment of AIDS, cancer or allergy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of plasma from the body with separation and extraction of specific elements followed by re-infusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that prevents clotting of the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels thereby decreasing blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that cause dilation of blood vessels, thereby increasing blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ASPARTATE AMINORANSFERASE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| COMPREHENSIVE METABOLIC PANEL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MEAN CORPUSCULAR HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RED BLOOD CELL; RED BLOOD COUNT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| WHITE BLOOD CELL; WHITE BLOOD COUNT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structure that warms, moistens, and filters air as it enters the respiratory tract; also houses the olfactory receptors for the sense of smell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| roof of the mouth; partition between the oral and nasal cavities; divided into the hard and soft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bony anterior portion of the palate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscular portion of the palate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and for air to the larynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower part of the pharynx, just below the oropharyngeal opening into the larynx and esophagus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oval lymphatic tissues on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion; also called the palatine _ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose; also called the pharyngeal _ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate named for its grape like shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| voice box; passageway for air moving from the pharynx to the trachea; contains the vocal cords |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening between the vocal cords in the larynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a lid like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| windpipe; passageway for air from the larynx to the area of the carina; where it splits into the right and left bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branched airway that lead from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs called alveoli |
|
|
Term
| rights bronchus and left bronchus |
|
Definition
| two primary airways branching from the area of the carina into the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| progressively smaller tubular branches of airway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin walled microscopic air sacs that exchange gases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two spongy organs in the thoracic cavity enclose bythe diaphragm and rib cage; responsible for respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subdivisions of the lung with two on the left and three on the right |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membranes enclosing the lung and lining the thoracic cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and that moves upward and downward to aid in respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| partition that separates the thorax into two compartments and that encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin sheets of tissue that line respiratory passages and secrete mucus, a viscid fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hair like processes from the surface of epithelial cells, such as those of the bronchi, to move mucous cell secretions upward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functional tissues of any organ, such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs that perform respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to breath only in an upright position |
|
|
Term
| cheyne-stokes respiration |
|
Definition
| pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth, and sometimes in rate to maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lungs when air enters diseased airways and alveoli; occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high pitched musical sounds heart on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airway; occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high pitched crowning sound that occurs when an obstruction in the upper airway is present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese like appearance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bluish coloration of the skin caused by a deficient amount of oxygen in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coughing up and spitting out of materials from the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| material expelled from the lungs by coughing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coughing up and spitting out blood that originates in the lungs |
|
|
Term
| hypercapnia aka hypercarbia |
|
Definition
| excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive movement of air into and out of the lungs; causing hypocapnia |
|
|
Term
| hypocapnia aka hypocarbia |
|
Definition
| deficient levels of carbon dioxide in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficient movment of air into and out of the lungs cusing hypercapnia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficient amount of oxygen in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deficient amount of oxygen in the tissue cells |
|
|
Term
| obstructive lung disorder |
|
Definition
| condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs |
|
|
Term
| restrictive lung disorder |
|
Definition
| condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid filling the spaces around the alveoli and eventually flooding the alveoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| density on an xray image representing the consolidation of matter within the air spaces of the lungs, usually resulting from an inflammatory process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin, watery discharge from the nose (runny nose) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| panting; obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membrane; characterized by paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulatin of mucus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lung cancer; cancer originating in the bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by over expansion of the alveoli with air and destructive changes in their walls, resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange |
|
|
Term
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
|
Definition
| permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick viscous mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract; mucus that obstructs the airways leads to infection, inflammation and damage of lung tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the larynx |
|
|
Term
| laryngotrachoebronchitis aka croup |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the upper airways with swelling, creates a funnel shaped elongation of tissue causing a distinct seal bark cough |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spasm of the laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presence of numerous polyps in the nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the pharynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood in the pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the pleura |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts such as coal, asbestos, or silicone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation in the lung resulting from infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites or from aspiration of chemicals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii organism a common opportunistic infection in those who are positive for HIV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air and blood in the pleural cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the lung often caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occlusion in the pulmonary circulatin most often caused by a blood clt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disease caused by the presence of myobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs; characterized by the formation of tubercles, inflammation, and necrotizing caseous lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the sinuses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| periods of breathing cessation (10 seconds or more) that occur during sleep; often resulting in snoring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils |
|
|
Term
| upper respiratory infection |
|
Definition
| infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages pharynx and bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| analysis of arterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abbreviation for the potential of hydrogen; measurement of blood acidity or alkalinity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abbreviation for partial pressure of oxygen; measurement of the amount of oxygen in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abbreviation for partial pressure of carbon dioxide; measurement for the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| examination iside a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnostic or treatment purposes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of a flexible endoscope called a bronchoscope to examine the airways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of an endoscope to examine the nasal passages and the pharynx to diagnose structural abnormalities, such as obstructions growths and cancers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| techniques used during physical exams to objectively evaluate the respiratory system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| method of tapping the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity, such as the chest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of a small piece of lung tissue for pathologic exam |
|
|
Term
| lung scan aka ventilation perfusion scan |
|
Definition
| a two part nuclear scan of the lungs to detect abnormalities of ventilation or perfusion made 1) after radioactive material is injected in the patients blood and 2) as the patient breathes radioactive material into the airways; comparison of the two scans indicates whether an abnormality exists in the airways or the pulmonary circulation |
|
|
Term
| magnetic resonance imaging |
|
Definition
| non-ionizing image of the lung to visualize lung lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recording of various aspects of sleep for diagnosis of sleep disorders |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary function testing |
|
Definition
| direct and indirect measurements of lung volumes and capacities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| direct measure of lung volumes and capacities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of air exhaled after a normal inspiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration |
|
|
Term
| peak flow aka peak expiratory flow rate |
|
Definition
| measurement of the fastest flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non invasive method of estimating the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood using an oximeter with a specialized probe attached to the skin at a site of arterial pulsation commonly the finger used to monitor hypoxemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| x ray imaging of the chest to visualize the lungs; directional terms identify the path of the x ray beam to produce the radiograph |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| x ray imaging of the blood vessels of the lungs after the injection of a contrast medium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of a lobe of the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of an entire lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| puncture for aspiration of the chest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endoscopic exam of the pleural cavity using a thoracoscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| creation of an opening in the chest, usually to insert a tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of the palatine tonsils |
|
|
Term
| tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
|
Definition
| excision of the tonsils and adenoids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| creation of a opening in the trachea usually to insert a tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incision into the trachea |
|
|
Term
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
|
Definition
| method of artificial respiration and chest compressions to move oxygenated blood to vital body organs when breathing and the heart have stopped |
|
|
Term
| continuous positive airways pressure therapy |
|
Definition
| use of a device with a mask that pumps a constant pressurized flow of air through the nasal passages; commonly used during sleep to prevent airways closure in sleep apnea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passage of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open the airway for delivering gas mixtures to the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a common postoperative breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the patient to inhale and hold and inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mechanical breathing using a ventilator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that dissolves or prevents the formation of thrombi or emboli in the blood vessels (heparin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that neutralizes or inhibits the effects of histamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a compound in the body that is released by injured cells during allergic reactions, inflammation, and so on, causing constriction of bronchial smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that dilates the muscular walls of the bronchi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continuous positive airways pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardiopulmonary rescuscitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| larynogotracheobronchitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| partial pressure of carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| partial pressure of oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peak expiratory flow rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pulmonary function testing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper respiratory infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventilation- perfusion (scan) |
|
|
