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Medical Surgical Chapter 30
Respiratory Diorders
43
Nursing
Graduate
01/25/2013

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Term
Hypercapnia
Definition
Excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
Term
Hypoxemia
Definition
Low level of oxygen in the blood.
Term
Orthopnea
Definition
Difficulty with breathing in a lying position.
Term
Dyspnea
Definition
Shortness of breath.
Term
Crackles
Definition
Abnormal lung sound heard on auscultation. Upon inspiration. "Rales"
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
Presence of AIR in the pleural cavity that causes the lung on the affected side to collapse.
Term
Hemothorax
Definition
Presence of BLOOD in the pleural cavity, causing the lung on the affected side to collapse.
Term
Rhonchus
Definition
Dry, rattling sound caused by a partial bronchial obstruction.
Term
Tachypnea
Definition
Rapid respiratory rate.
Term
Tissue Perfusion
Definition
Blood flow through the blood vessels of tissue.
Term
Atelectasis
Definition
Collapse of the expanded lung or part of the lung.
Term
Hypoxia
Definition
Low oxygen level; decreased availability of oxygen to body tissues.
Term
Oximetry
Definition
Measures saturated hemoglobin level
Term
Nusing Implications for measuring oximetry?
Definition
Warm hands, remove nail polich and artifical nails, rotate clip or probes q 4 hours, don't tape sensor, Don't take blood pressure on the extremity that is oximetry is placed on.
Term
What measurement should you report from an oximetry reading?
Definition
Persistent reading below 90
Term
A low oximetry reading indicates what condition?
Definition
Hypoxia
Term
What non-invasive test measures arterial oxygen saturation?
Definition
Oximetry
Term
Normal SAO2 level is?
Definition
94-100%
Term
What are the most sensitive organs affected by hypoxia (low supply of oxygen to the tissues)
Definition
Brain, retina, and heart
Term
Hypoxia
Definition
Low supply of oxygen to the tissues
Term
Respiratory Failure
Definition
Slowing down of respiration and accumulation of carbon dioxide causig respiratory acidosis and cardiac arrest.
Term
Hypoxemia
Definition
Reduced amount of oxygen in the blood.
Term
Hypercapnia
Definition
Too much carbon dioxide in the blood.
Term
Respiratory Insufficiency
Definition
Inability of the body to meet it's oxygen needs and remove excess of carbon dioxide.
Term
Symptoms of hypoxia?
Definition
Restlessness, irritability, agitation, anxiety, confusion, headache, >pulse, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, tachypnea, retractions.
Term
Causes of hypoxia?
Definition
High altitude, gas diffusion disturbance, thoracic cage movement restriction, airway obstruction, decreased neuromuscular function.
Term
CBC
Definition
Complete blood count
Term
HGB
Definition
Hemoglobin
Term
HCT
Definition
Hematocrit
Term
What does the RBC's determine in a CBC test?
Definition
The efficiency of oxygen being carried to tissues to be perfused.
Term
Chest Radiograph X-Ray
Definition
Diagnostic test ordered...AP and Lateral
Term
A chest radiograph will diagnosis what conditions?
Definition
Pneumonia, TB, Tumors
Term
Fluoroscopy
Definition
Procedure done durng chest radiograph to see visualization of structures in motion.
Term
During a fluoroscopy the 2 motions that are being watchd on a screen are?
Definition
Inspiration and Expiration
Term
During a lung ventilation and perfusion scan what is the test looking for?
Definition
Match vs. mix matches
Term
The lung ventilation and perfusion scans are NUCLEAR MEDICINE which means the pt has an IV injection of?
Definition
Radioactive Dye
Term
In lung ventilation and perfusion scans decreased radioactivity area shows what?
Definition
Decreased blood flow
Term
For a lung ventilation or perfusion scan the pt has to be NPO for how many hours before?
Definition
4 hours prior
Term
During a lung ventilation or perfusion scan the pt needs to remove what?
Definition
Metal jewelry around the neck
Term
Patient teaching for a lung ventilation or perfusion scan should include info about?
Definition
Radioactive material will be excreted in urine, nurses & pt should wash hads thoroughly when handling urine
Term
Pulmonary Angiography
Definition
Diagnostic test that allows visualization of pulmonary vasculature
Term
After a perfusion scan, a pulmonary angiography is done why?
Definition
Verify diagnosis and is a little mores specific than scan.
Term
Describe the procedure of a pulmonary angiography?
Definition
Radiopaque dye is injected into the R side of the heart or the pulmonary artery. X rays are taken.
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