Term
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Definition
| an acid-base imbalance characterized by an increase in H+ concentration (decreased blood pH). A low arterial pH due to reduced bicarbonate concentration is called metabolic acidosis; a low arterial pH due to increased PCO2 is respiratory acidosis |
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Term
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Definition
| physiologic pump that moves fluid from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration; active transport requires adenosine triphosphate for energy |
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Term
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Definition
| an acid-base imbalance characterized by a reduction in H+ concentration (increase blood pH). A high arterial pH with increased bicarbonate concentration is called metabolic alkalosis; a high arterial pH due to reduced PCO2 is respiratory alkalosis |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which solutes move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration; does not require expenditure of energy |
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Term
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Definition
| maintenance of a constant internal equilibrium in a biologic system that involves positive and negative feedback mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure created by the weight of fluid against the wall that contains it. In the body, hydrostatic pressure in blood vessels results from the weight of fluid itself and the force resulting from cardiac contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution with an osmolality higher than that of serum |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution with an osmolality lower than that of serum |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution with the same osmolality as serum and other body fluids. Osmolality falls within normal range for serum (280-300 mOsm/kg) |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of osmoles (the standard unit of osmotic pressure) per kilogram of solution. Expressed as mOsm/kg, osmolality is used more often than the term osmolarity to evaluate serum and urine |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of osmoles (the standard unit osmotic pressure) per liter of solution. It is expressed as milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L); describes the concentration of solutes or dissolved particles |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which fluid moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration; the process continues until the solute concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid tension within the extracellular fluid or intracellular fluid that describes the relationship between the solutes and water, primarily determine by fluid osmolality |
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