Term
|
Definition
| parasites that live on the surface of the host--> infested |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lives within the host --> infected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parasites within other parasites |
|
|
Term
| Name the types of parasitic relationships |
|
Definition
Temporary
Facultative
Obligatory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
each member depends on the other
ex: flagellates in the gut of termites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where one member, the predator, benefits off of a smaller organism, prey. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one member, the parasite, lives in or on the other organism, the host, at the expense of the host. The host may or may not be killed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any plant, animal, protist, or helminth that is intimately associated with another organism of a different species |
|
|
Term
| Name the types of symbiosis and define them |
|
Definition
Phoresis = where a smaller organism (phoront) is carried mechanically by the host.
Commensalism=where one symbiont benefits and the other animal is neither helped or harmed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any organism which transmits the parasite. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non living transmitter of the parasite, aka a vehicle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| host in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity and reproduces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parasite does not reach sexual maturity in side this host. often has asexual or larval stages though. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no parasite development takes place, where the parasite continues to live and is infective but no deveopment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non human animals that serve as sources of infection to humans. |
|
|
Term
| Name some reproductive potential features of parasite |
|
Definition
multiple fission
hermaphordism
parthenogenesis
strobilation
high ova/larval output |
|
|
Term
| Name some morphological/physical specializations of parasites |
|
Definition
loss of digestive structures
loss of wings
loss of sensory structures
development of tegument
anti-coagulants
hold fast organ development |
|
|
Term
| Unique features of parasite |
|
Definition
>specific to a special site
>usually non-lethal to host
>generally more numerous than hosts
>generally smaller than host
>evolved methods of evading host immune system |
|
|
Term
| Name the ways parasites evade the host immune system |
|
Definition
Antigenic variation
tough tegument
intracellular habitat
Ag acquisition/mimicry
suppression of eosinophil/neutrophil
encystment
ability to cleave Ab
trigger immune response |
|
|
Term
| Name ways the parasite can damage the host |
|
Definition
Physical trauma (protease, ulcers, hooks/spines)
Nutritional diversion (diarrhea, malabsorption)
Toxins,excretory products, immune complexes
Blood loss |
|
|
Term
| Name typical ways parasites are transmitted |
|
Definition
ingestion
vectors
direct penetration |
|
|
Term
| Reasons we control parasites |
|
Definition
> treatment
>understanding epidemiology
>control measures
>fundamental research |
|
|
Term
| Name traditional methods for diagnosing parasites and/or their infections |
|
Definition
Fecal specimen collection
Non-fecal specimen collection
(perianal, sigmoidoscopic, duodenal, liver abscess aspirates, sputum, urine)
Blood films/ smears |
|
|
Term
| Problems to traditional diagnosis problems of parasties |
|
Definition
>some look the same
>parasites hidden in host tissue
>low sensitivity |
|
|
Term
| Name some molecular diagnosis methods for parasites |
|
Definition
>Biochemical
>Immunological
>Nucleic acid
>Enzyme patterns
>DNA probes using PCR |
|
|
Term
Name advantages of genomic based parasite testing
Disadvantages |
|
Definition
DNA constant
Very sensitive - small Bx
Probes can have flexibility
Expensive
Radioactivity needed sometimes
PCR can fail
DNA probes cannot distinguish between dead and living parasites |
|
|
Term
| Name advantages and disadvantages of Ab diagnosis |
|
Definition
Rapid, easy field tests
Individual and mass screen
Ig subclasses-improve specificity/sens.
Can't tell past/present infection
Can't tell morphologically similar parasites
Expensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of asexual reproduction where the body is divided into segments |
|
|
