Term
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Definition
In respiration, the exchange of gases in the alveolar-capillary beds |
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Term
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Definition
In respiration, the process by which air moves through the respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
A motile extension of a cell surface, of certain epithelial cells, containing nine longitudinal double microtubules arranged in a peripheral ring, together with a central pair |
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Term
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Definition
Motor nerve of the diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
A chest with increased anteroposterior diameter, seen in emphysema |
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Term
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Definition
Condition in which the chest is abnormally depressed; also called funnel chest |
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Term
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Definition
Condition in which the chest is abnormally prominent; also called pigeon chest |
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Term
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Definition
Difficulty in breathing, labored breathing, or shortness of breath; causes include certain heart conditions, strenuous exercise, or anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
Rapid breathing; <24 breaths/minute |
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Term
Hyperpnea or Hyperventilation |
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Definition
Rapid breathing with very large breaths; >24 breaths/minute |
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Term
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Definition
Shortness of breath while lying down |
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Term
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Definition
Deep, rapid, sighing breaths characterized by diabetic ketoacidosis |
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Term
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Definition
Absence of spontaneous respiration |
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Term
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration |
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Definition
Breathing pattern characterized by periods of apnea |
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Term
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Definition
Vibration palpated with the hand on the chest during vocal fremitus |
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Term
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Definition
Process of assessing sounds transmitted through the organs and cavities of the body A) Direct: involves lightly striking the chest with the ulnar aspect of the fist B) Indirect: involves the finger of the one hand acting as the hammer, striking the finger of the other hand that is resting on the area of the chest being percussed |
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Term
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Definition
A technique used to listen to the sounds of the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and other internal organs; most commonly done with stethoscope |
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Term
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Definition
Used to hear low-pitched sounds |
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Term
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Definition
Used to hear high-pitched sounds |
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Term
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Definition
Normal breath sounds include: bronchial, bronchiovesicular, and vesicular breath sounds |
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Term
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Definition
Predominantly expiratory sound that is loud and high-pitched |
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Term
Bronchivesicular Breath Sounds |
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Definition
Medium pitch and moderate intensity; inspiratory and expiratory phases are equal |
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Term
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Definition
Soft sounds, low-pitched noises; involves mostly inpiration |
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Term
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Definition
Functional tissue or cells of an organ |
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Term
Adventitious Breath Sounds |
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Definition
abnormal breath sounds superimposed over normal breath sounds; crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, and pleural friction rubs |
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Term
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Definition
low-pitched, sonorous wheeze |
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Term
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Definition
adventitious breath sound, pronounced during expiration; can be high-pitched, musical noises in smaller airways or low-pitched in larger airways |
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Term
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Definition
loud, high-pitched breath sounds; expiration |
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Term
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Definition
friction encountered in moving one body part over another |
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Term
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Definition
adventitious breath sound that occurs as a result of disruption of airflow in the smaller airways, usually by fluid; also known as rales |
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Term
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Definition
high-pitched sound caused by obstruction in the larynx or trachea |
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Term
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Definition
acute viral infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
increased intensity and clarity of vocal resonance due to increased density of lung tissue |
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Term
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Definition
altered voice sound in a patient with pleural effusion |
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Term
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Definition
productive cough of sputum that may contain blood |
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Term
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Definition
making pulmonary measurements with a spirometer |
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Term
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Definition
a portable device for measuring and displaying the highest level of expiratory flow produced by a patient |
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Term
Refractory Period of Exercise Induced Asthma |
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Definition
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Term
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
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Definition
condition characterized by decreased capacity of the lungs to perform inspiratory and expiratory functions |
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Term
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Definition
Reduction or absence of air in part or all of a lung, with resulting loss of lung volume |
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Term
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Definition
diagnosis given to any condition that results in inflammation of the lung parenchyma |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the lining of the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
presence of air or gas in the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse |
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Term
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Definition
a gasometer used for measuring respiratory gases |
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Term
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Definition
flapping chest wall; condition in which three or more consecutive ribs on the same side of the chest have been fractured in at least two places, with resulting instability of the chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
an abnormal condition of the pulmonary system characterized by overinflation of the alveoli and destructive changes in the alveolar wall |
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Term
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Definition
an inflammatory disease of the lungs characterized by reversible inflammation and narrowing of the airway |
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Term
Exercise Induced Bronchospasm |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes |
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Term
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Definition
acute or chronic inflammation of the sinus with or without purulent drainage |
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Term
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Definition
collection of blood in the pleural cavity of the thorax |
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Term
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Definition
the accumulation of air pressure under the pleural cavity |
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Term
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Definition
a shrinking, drawing back, or pulling apart |
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Term
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Definition
surgical procedure that perforates the chest wall or pleural space to aspirate fluid for diagnosis or treatment purposes |
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Term
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Definition
acute infectious respiratory disease |
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Term
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Definition
ribonucleic acid-based virus that causes acute respiratory illness |
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Term
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Definition
medium-sized virus that can cause an upper respiratory infection as well as gastrointestinal infection |
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Term
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Definition
chronic granulomatous infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of infected droplets that usually affect the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
antimicrobial medication that prevents the spread of pathogens from one area of the body to another |
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Term
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Definition
-Bleb: accumulation of fluid under the skin -Bulla: blister of skin or tissue greater than 1cm in diameter and containing serous fluid |
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Term
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Definition
an accidental or arbitrary action; occurring in an inappropriate place |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the removal and examination of tissue from a living body |
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Term
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Definition
two or more medical conditions that exist at the same time and may be unrelated |
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Term
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Definition
relating to the body as a whole |
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Term
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Definition
redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from dilation of the superficial capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a general feeling of discomfort or uneasiness; often the first symptom of an illness or infection |
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Term
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Definition
consequence of a given illness |
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Term
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Definition
death from a particular illness or disease |
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Term
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Definition
therapy designed to relieve the intensity of symptoms and support the patient; does not produce a cure |
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Term
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Definition
pertaining to early symptoms that indicate the onset of a disease |
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Term
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Definition
containing or producing pus |
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Term
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Definition
a condition(s) occurring as a consequence of a given illness or disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the medical science, and special practice, concerned with all aspects of disease but with special reference to the essential nature, causes, and developments of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural and functional changes that result from the disease processes |
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Term
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Definition
the pathologic, physiologic, or biochemical mechanism resulting in the development of a disease or morbid process |
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Term
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Definition
study of the causes or origins of disease |
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Term
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Definition
objective evidence of a disease |
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Term
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Definition
subjective sensations of the patient |
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Term
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Definition
determination of the nature of a cause of a disease |
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Term
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Definition
prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a brief loss of consciousness, typically caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain; fainting |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Heart Rate:60-100 bpm -Blood Pressure: 115/75 -Respiration: 12-20 breathes per minute -Temperature: 98.6 degrees F |
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Term
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Definition
a diagnostic procedure designed to determine the density of a part by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the finger or a plessor; performed primarily over the chest to determine presence of normal air content in the lungs and over the abdomen to evaluate air in the loops of intestine |
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Term
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Definition
touching, feeling, or perceiving by the sensation of touch |
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Term
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Definition
a technique used to listen to the sounds of the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and other internal organs; most commonly done with a stethoscope |
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Term
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Definition
a resting heart rate of 60 bpm or less |
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Term
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Definition
a resting heart rate of 100 bpm or greater |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the use of radiographic, sonographic, and other technologies to create a graphic depiction of the body part(s) in question |
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Term
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Definition
testing performed to determine if someone is affected with a particular disease |
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Term
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Definition
An x-ray procedure that produces immediate images and motion of a screen |
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Term
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Definition
the study of the action of drugs on living organisms |
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Term
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Definition
the study of the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs |
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Term
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Definition
the study of the bodily absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs |
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Term
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Definition
to take up especially by capillary, osmotic, solvent, or chemical action |
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Term
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Definition
the pattern of branching and termination of a ramifying anatomical structure |
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Term
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Definition
have a strong affinity for water |
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Term
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Definition
have a strong affinity for lipids |
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Term
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Definition
the chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities and new material is assimilated |
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Term
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Definition
The act of discharging or excreting waste products or foreign substances from the body |
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Term
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Definition
time for half of the drug to be absorbed |
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Term
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Definition
-Sublingual: rich blood supply under the tongue allows for quick absorption -Rectal: slowest route, last resort because oral is unavailable -Oral: easiest route |
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Term
Parenteral Administration |
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Definition
-Injection/IV: direct route to administer the drug -Inhalation: absorbed by the mucous membranes -Topical/Transdermal: can be fast or slow |
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Term
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Definition
the introduction of an ionized substance (as a drug) through intact skin by the application of a direct electric current |
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Term
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Definition
introduction of anti-inflammatory drugs through the skin by the use of ultrasound |
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Term
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Definition
a chemical substance (as a drug) capable of combining with a receptor on a cell and initiating the same reaction or activity typically produced by the binding of an endogenous substance |
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Term
|
Definition
a chemical that acts within the body to reduce the physiological activity of another chemical substance |
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Term
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Definition
any of various adrenal-cortex steroids (as corticosterone, cortisone, and aldosterone) that are divided on the basis of their major biological activity intoglucorticoids and mineralocorticoids |
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Term
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Definition
the time required for a particular specimen or prothrombin to induce blood-plasma clotting under standardized conditions in comparison with a time of between 11.5 and 12 seconds for normal human blood |
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Term
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Definition
any drug derived from opium or opiumlike compounds with potent analgesic effects associated with both significant alteration of mood and behavior and potential for dependence and tolerance |
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Term
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Definition
an anesthetic for use on a limited and usually superficial area of the body |
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Term
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Definition
a substance produced by or a semi-synthetic substance derived from a microorganism and able in dilute solution to inhibit or kill another microorganism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
causes inhibition of growth of bacteria without destruction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
causing an increase in caliber of a bronchus |
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Term
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Definition
any of various compounds that oppose the actions of histamine and are used especially for treating allergic reactions (as hay fever), cold symptoms, and motion sickness |
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Term
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Definition
agent that relieves congestion especially of mucous membranes |
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Term
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Definition
excess blood in body part |
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Term
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Definition
hypersensitivity (as to foreign proteins or drugs) resulting form sensitization following prior contact with the causative agent |
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Term
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Definition
interaction between two or more drugs or agents resulting in a pharmacologic response greater than the sum of individual responses to each drug or agent |
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Term
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Definition
the capacity of the body to endure or become less responsive to a substance |
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Term
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Definition
herbal therapy, use of herbs and plants for their medicinal qualities |
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Term
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Definition
resembling adrenaline especially in physiological action |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
an agent that promotes the discharge or expulsion of mucous from the respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
administration route under the tongue, enteral |
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Term
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Definition
designed for or involving application to or action on the surface of a part of the body |
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Term
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Definition
relating to, being, or supplying a medication in a form for absorption through the skin into the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
administered outside of the dura mater |
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Term
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Definition
administered between layers of skin |
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Term
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Definition
administered by entering a muscle |
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Term
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Definition
administered by entering a vein |
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Term
ACE inhibitors or Angiotensin Converting Enzyme |
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Definition
a drug that promotes vasodilation and decreases sodium and water retention, blood pressure and heart size |
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Term
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Definition
a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood, falling below the normal ranges of 12 to 16 g/dl in women and 14 to 17 g/dl in men, resulting from a decrease in red blood cell production, an increase in red blood cell destruction, or loss of blood |
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Term
|
Definition
a localized dilation of a blood vessel, usually due to an acquired or congenital weakness of the wall of the blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
pain or pressure in the chest |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
narrowing of the aortic valve |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
thickening and hardening of the artery |
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Term
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Definition
thickening and hardening of the arterial wall marked by cholesterol-lipid-calcium deposits |
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Term
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Definition
a drug used to block the response to norepinephrine bound to alpha-adrenergic receptors to reduce the smooth muscle tone in peripheral circulation and a decrease in blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal swishing sound or murmur heard during auscultation of the carotid artery |
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Term
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Definition
the product of heart rate and stroke volume; measured in liters per minute; the amount of blood that is pumped by the heart in one minute |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
disease of the myocardium; a primary disease of heart muscle in the absence of a known underlying etiology |
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Term
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Definition
cramping pains in the calves due to poor circulation of blood to the muscles in the leg |
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Term
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Definition
a condition affecting the fingers and toes in which proliferation of distal tissues, especially in the nail beds, results in thinking and widening of the extremities of the digits; the nails are abnormally curved and shiny |
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Term
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Definition
trauma to the chest wall that results in a disruption of the electrical impulses of the heart, may be fatal |
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Term
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Definition
malformation of the heart or the large blood vessels near the heart |
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Term
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Definition
condition marked by impaired cardiac pumping due to cardiomyopathy, ischemia, or myocardial infarction |
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Term
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Definition
hypertrophy of the right ventricle resulting from disease of the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
narrowing of the lumen of one or more of the coronary arteries, usually due to atherosclerosis |
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Term
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) |
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Definition
a blood clot that becomes lodged in a large vein |
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Term
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Definition
the destruction, neutralization, or change in direction of polarity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
not true anemia because total hemoglobin is normal; the amount of serum has increased in these athletes and thus "diluted out" their red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
breakdown of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin |
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Term
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Definition
an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage, spontaneous or traumatic, due to a defect in the blood coagulating mechanism |
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Term
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Definition
a device used to record prolonged electrical activity of the heart on a recorder while the patient performs activities of daily living |
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Term
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Definition
pain in the calf when the ankle is slowly and gently dorsiflexed (with knee bent), indicative of incipient of established thrombophlebitis in the veins of the leg |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
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Definition
condition characterized by abnormally hypertrophied left ventricle in the absence of physiological conditions; the leading cause of sudden death in the U.S. of athletes under the age of 35 |
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Term
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Definition
underdevelopment of a tissue or organ, usually due to a decrease in the number of cells |
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Term
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Definition
cardiac disorder marked by a long QT interval, which is characterized by syncopal episodes during physical activity |
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Term
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Definition
autosomal dominant, hereditary disorder of the connective tissue that is associated with abnormalities of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and ocular systems |
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Term
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) |
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Definition
protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve in the left atrium during systole |
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Term
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Definition
a condition whereby the coronary artery is surrounded by the myocardium for part of its course |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
insufficient blood flow to the myocardium |
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Term
|
Definition
inflammation of the myocardium |
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Term
|
Definition
postmortem examination to determine the cause of death |
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Term
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Definition
fall in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or more, associated with changes in body position; accompanied by symptoms such as light-headedness or fainting |
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Term
|
Definition
heart rhythm irregularities |
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Term
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Definition
an obstruction that occurs when a blood clot becomes lodged in one of the pulmonary vessels; may be fatal if the clot is not dissolved in time |
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Term
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Definition
intermittent attacks of ischemia of the extremities of the body, especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; caused by specific factor such as exposure to cold or an autoimmune disorder |
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Term
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Definition
the process whereby the membrane, cell, or fiber, after depolarization, is polarized again with positive charges on the outer and negative charges on the inner surface |
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Term
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Definition
paroxysmal, potentially fatal disease of the skeletal muscle characterized by the presence of myoglobin in the urine |
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Term
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Definition
chronic, hemolytic anemia caused by a genetic defect in the hemoglobin gene, most commonly found in African-Americans; characterized by decreased red blood cell survival, microvascular occlusions due to RBC sickling, and increased susceptibility to certain infections |
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Term
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Definition
an instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure indirectly, consisting of an inflatable cuff, inflating bulb, and a gauge showing the blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
partial or complete loss of consciousness with interruption of awareness of oneself and ones surroundings |
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Term
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Definition
malfunction of the nail in which the outer surface is concave |
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Term
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Definition
the volume pumped out of one ventricle of the heart in a single beat |
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Term
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Definition
an unexpected death; occurring within one hour of the onset of symptoms; most often described as cardiac failure |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of a vein accompanied by the formation of a clot |
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Term
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Definition
a clot in the cardiovascular system formed during life from constituents of blood |
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Term
|
Definition
any forced expiratory effort against a closed airway |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
coarse or fine, rapid fibrillary movements of the ventricular muscle that replace the normal contraction. This causes a failure to eject blood from the ventricle efficiently |
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|
Term
Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome |
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Definition
condition manifested by ventricular preexcitation and tachycardia as the result of electrical conduction over accessory pathways |
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Term
|
Definition
Disorder of gastrointestinal motility with abnormal cycles of muscle contraction and relaxation |
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Term
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Definition
System that contains the liver and gallbladder together |
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Term
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Definition
The power of spontaneous movement |
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Term
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Definition
The yellowish-brown or greenish fluid secreted by the liver and discharged into the duodenum |
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Term
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Definition
A yellow bile pigment found as sodium bilirubinate or as an insoluble calcium salt in gallstones, formed from hemoglobin during normal and abnormal destruction of erythrocytes by the reticuloendothelial system |
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Term
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Definition
Yellowing of the skin, indicates damage to the liver |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Relates to the colon; spasmodic pains in the abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammation of the peritoneum, typically caused by bacterial infection either via the blood or after rupture of an abdominal organ |
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Term
|
Definition
The physical property of being stiff adn resisting bending |
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Term
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Definition
Eating disorder that results in loss of weight, emaciation, intense fear of weight gain, and distorted body image; characterized by stringent diet restriction, refusal to eat, or purging or ingested food |
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Term
|
Definition
During or relating to the eating of food |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
Ulcer found in the stomach or duodenum |
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|
Term
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
|
Definition
Inflammation of the female pelvic organs; caused by a bacterial infection |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the colon |
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Term
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Definition
Full or partial blockage of the intestines |
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Term
|
Definition
Passage of bloody stools, in contradistinction to melena |
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Term
|
Definition
A varicose condition of the external or internal rectal veins causing painful swellings at the anus |
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Term
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Definition
Passage of tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by the intestinal juices |
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Term
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Definition
Indicates an appendicitis; halfway point between the umbilicus and the right ASIS |
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Term
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Definition
Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
also known as jar tenderness; clinical sign where there is pain in the lower right quadrant (LRQ) of the abdomen when dropping from standing on toes to heels in a jarring landing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Condition in which stomach acid travels up through the lower esophageal sphincter into the esophagus or even into the back of the throat |
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Term
|
Definition
Diffuse inflammation of the lining of the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammatory condition of the stomach and intestines that is usually caused by bacteria or a virus |
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Term
|
Definition
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease that usually affects the small intestines |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the vermiform appendix |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of diverticula, especially in the colon, due to fecal material penetrating the wall lining of the diverticula |
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Term
|
Definition
Abnormally enlarged spleen |
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Term
|
Definition
Referred pain to the left shoulder indicating damage to the spleen |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the liver |
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Term
|
Definition
Transmitted through contaminated food or water, oral-fecal contact |
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Term
|
Definition
Infected blood, virus is present in some bodily fluids (saliva, semen, vaginal secretions) |
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Term
|
Definition
Intravenous drug use (sharing needles), multiple sexual partners |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Icteric Stage of Hepatitis |
|
Definition
The second stage of hepatitis that begins to have all of the signs and symptoms, after 4 weeks this stage starts and lasts 6-8 weeks |
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Term
|
Definition
Liver disease characterized by diffuse damage to hepatic parenchymal cells, with nodular regeneration, fibrosis, and disturbance of normal architecture |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Acute of chronic inflammation of the gallbladder |
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Term
|
Definition
Inflammation of the pancreas |
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|