Term
| what is the superior border of the mediastinum? |
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Definition
| superior thoracic aperture- 1st rib, manubrium, T1 |
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Term
| what is the inferior border of the mediastinum? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the divding point of the superior and inferior mediastium, and what is the significance of this point? |
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Definition
| T4/T5, where the bronchi bifucate, arch of aorta |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior to the manubrium and anterior to pericadium, by adulthood mainly replaced by fat |
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Term
| what type of organ is the thymus? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| serous membrane surounding heart and proximal portions of the grat vessels |
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Term
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Definition
phrenic nerve, passign anterior to root of lung, going to diaphragm from C345
- motor innervation of diaphragm
- sensory innervation diaphragm, parietal pleura, and pericardium
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Term
| what are the 3 layer of pericardium? |
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Definition
- fibrous pericardium
- parietal layer of serous pericardium
- visceral layer of pericardium
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Term
| is the fibrous pericadium elastic? |
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Definition
| no, it is inelastic, so as to protect the heart against over filling, and attches to the diaphragm |
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Term
| what two layers of pericardium are continuous? |
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Definition
| parietal and visceral layers of pericardium |
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Term
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Definition
it is the transverse pericardial sinus. posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
During cardiac sugery it is ligated to control the arterial outflow of blood |
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Term
| what is the pericardial cavity |
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Definition
| space between the visceral and parietal pericardium |
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Term
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Definition
| inflamation of serous pericardium, results in roughened surfaces that produce friction that can be auscultated |
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Term
| what is cardiac tamponade? |
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Definition
| fluid acumulating in the pericardial cavity. fibrous pericardium is inelastic thus pressure build up in cavity, and heart cant expand to fill with blood |
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Term
| what is pericardiocentesis |
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Definition
| a needel is inserted left of the xiphoid process and superiorly deep to costal margin, and fulid in the pericardial cavity is removed |
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Term
| what heart chamber is the most posterior? |
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Definition
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Term
| what heart chamber is most anterior? |
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Definition
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Term
| what heart chamber is the right border of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| what heart chamber is the inferior border of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| what heart chamber is the left border of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the superior border of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the apex of the heart? |
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Definition
| anteroinferiorly and to the left, pointy part of left ventricle |
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Term
| where is the base of the heart? |
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Definition
| posterior of the heart, mainly left artium |
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Term
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Definition
blue- internal jugular veins
green- subclavian veins
purple- brachicephalic veins
yellow- SVC |
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Term
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Definition
red- ascending aorta
grey- arch of aorta
ligth blue- brachiocephalic trunk
green- right subclavian
yellow- right common carotid
purple- left common carotid
white- left subclavian |
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Term
| what takes blood to the head? |
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Definition
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Term
| what takes blood away from the head |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of innervation slowes down the heart? |
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Definition
| para sympathetic, vagus nerve |
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Term
| map the rout of the parasympathetic innervation of the heart |
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Definition
preganglionic cell bodies in the brain
preganglionic fibers make the vagus nerve
posganglionic cell bodies in wall of heart
post ganglionic fibers also in wall of heart |
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Term
| does the vagus nerve pass anteriorly or posteriorly to the root of the lung? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the branching of the right vagus nerve in the mediastinum |
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Definition
| right recurent laryngeal split deep to right subclavian artery |
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Term
| describe the branching of the left vagus nerve in the mediastinum |
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Definition
| left recurent laryngeal branches under arch of aorta, deep to liagmentum arteriosum |
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Term
| what could a how could a hoarseness relate to heart problems? |
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Definition
| aneurism of the aortic arch or enlargment of the lymph nodes can compress left recurent laryngeal nerve, which is heading to the larynx after passing under the aortic arch |
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Term
| T/F the heart has sympathric innervation? |
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Definition
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Term
| map the rout of innervation in the heart |
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Definition
preganglionic cell biodies in lateral horn of thoracic spinal cord
preganglionic fiber ventral root-> spinal nerve-> ventral ramus-> white ramus comunicans-> sympathetic trunk
postganglionic cell bodies in paravertebral ganglis
postganglionic fibers go paravertebral ganglia to heart |
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Term
| places where the vagus nerve goes |
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Definition
cardiac plexus
left and right pulmonary plexuses
espohogeal plexus,
continues to abdominal cavity
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Term
| what is cardiac reffered pain? |
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Definition
| visceral pain- from iscema during cardiac arrest- is percieved as pain from superficial part of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
2- rib
3- vein
4- artery
5- nerve
6- sympathetic trunk
7- vertebrae
8- splanchnic nerve |
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