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| The stories we tell ourselves about ourselves |
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| Cultural Studies Approach |
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| Guides readers toward an understanding of the roots of stereotype formation and the role mass media play in constructing, reinforcing, perpetuating, and maintaining stereotypes. |
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| The human psyche. Carl Jung said the collective unconcious contains "the entire psychic heritage" of human beings. It's existence is most visible in our dreams, in the symbols we use to express meaning, and universally in timeless stories and fairy tales. |
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| Overgeneralizations that treat all members of a group as the same. |
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| Multi- dimensional timeless figures. |
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| people, places, and things we come to know either through media, experience, or word of mouth |
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| Agenda-Setting Function (of the media) |
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| Tells consumers what to think about and sometimes what to think about the information we are given. |
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| The selective presentation of facts on the part of politicians and the mass media. |
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| Limitations of Social Contact |
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| People tend to socialize with others who are, in some way, like them. Sometimes it's economical, but most times it's ideological. |
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| There is little time available to contemplate assumptions or presumptions about those who are somewhat different from us. |
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| The bulk of what we know about the world outside comes to us through words and images produced by the media. Gatekeepers choose what people see. |
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| Words have different meanings to different people. Think of "Immigrant," or "Terrorist." Journalists and advertisers have tremendous power with words. |
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| The power of fear to motivate and dictate what we hear, see, feel, and do. Fear of the unknown, fear of loss of resources, and fear of change are all powerful motivations for the maintenance and perpetuation of limited views of others. |
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| Groups that share the same ideals about love, life, death, and origins. All societies have them. |
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| People, places, and things we know that come from stories we tell each other over and over again but in a way that relates to a particular time and place. |
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| Metaphysical Function of Myths |
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| A sense of the transcendent, of something or someone bigger than the self "out there." |
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| Cosmological Funtion of Myths |
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| An idea of connectedness to a mysterious external reality and that we play an important role in the oder of things, real and imagined. |
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| Sociological Funtion of Myths |
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Definition
| Passing down of the "correct" order of things, the codes and rules people need to follow to present a coordinated social order that affirms dominant social structure. |
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| Pedagogical Function of Myths |
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Definition
| Teaches us how to be in the world, in relaiton to individual developement as well as how to interact with others. |
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| Guidelines people need to follow that present a coordinated social order that affirms dominant social structure. |
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| Can be visual or verbal, stand in for something else from which meaning is made. |
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| The contstruced narrative that accompanies the tale which itself might be an illusion. |
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| Eternal figures, as Jung said. |
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Hero-To serve and sacrifice
Mentor- To guide
Threshold Guardian- To test
Herald- To warn and challenge
Shape Shifter- To question and decieve
Shadow- To destroy
Trickster- To disrupt |
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| Tollefson refers to them. Familiar constructions revealed through film. |
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| A belief system that "In order to be effective, must be percieved as the truth, rather than seen as one of many possible belief systems." Makes certain groups understand and percieve the world in a certain consistent way. |
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| "Makes sense out of otherwise, and previously, unrelated concepts."- Stuart Hall |
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| A ruling of society through the power of ideas versus physical force and where the governed consent to their sublimation, relies on the power of myth. Form of social control. |
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| Ideological State Apparatus |
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| Instruments of power that operate as a force in "ways that are subtle, disguised, and accepted as everyday social practice. (Ferdinand Althusser's view) |
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| Semiotics and mythological analysis |
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| an interdisciplinary method of denaturalizing words, symbols, and signs that suggest certain things. |
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| (Language) The system or rules around language use, such as syntax. |
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| (Speech) The use of language. |
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| Different values or opinions on things from different cultures |
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| A particular way of shooting a scene, use of lighting, shadows, or music. |
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| Differences in meanings or sheer number of words used in a particular language based on the importance of the person, place, or thing of the culture. |
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| In the 1800s, escaped persecution and certain death in Russia. He wrote a play that talked about the "melting pot" phenomenon. |
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| Identification of another person on the basis of some real or imagined, visible or invisible, difference that is used to sustain and maintain inequities in power. |
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| Knowledge structures based on experiences that shape people's views of the world. A cognitive tool. |
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| Acting on one's prejudice |
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| Institutionalized Discrimination |
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Definition
| Operates at the ideological level and includes patterns, policies, and procedures, that work to overlook, overpower, and otherwise maintain control of individuals who do not belong to the dominant group. |
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| When members of the oppressed group are emotionally, physically, and spiritually battered to the point that they begin to actually believe that their oppression is deserved, is their lot in life, and is natural and right. |
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| The process of grouping things (or people) together based on what they have in common from which an ideal type emerges. |
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| Ideas that metaphorically connect mind and world. |
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