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| unions of journalists - somewhat nonexistent now. |
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| was not really journalistic because of censorship, did not become a worthy job/profession until late 17th/early 18th century |
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| Four things from Victorian era that helped develop the Information Age |
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Definition
-cut taxes and lifted legal restraints
-introduced mass machinery
-educated people (compulsory education)
-developed mass democracy which made reading the newspaper relevant |
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| Who did Stamp Tax Acts affect? |
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| Whom did The Times represent? |
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| the Government, they were "the government's mouthpiece" |
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| Who were the fathers of today's journalism? |
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| exaggeration, sometimes out of context, but not necessarily untrue - taking the facts and SHOUTING THEM AT YOU |
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| basically reviews of books and literature in newspaper format. much more important to British culture than US culture |
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| Literary journalism in the US? |
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| New York Review of Books - Hedderman |
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| How did journalism have a unifying effect in communities? |
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| Gave them all something in common to talk about |
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| Doorstepping/deathknocking |
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| journalists essentially went door-to-door trying to seek out stories and "dig up some dirt" |
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| National union of journalists in the early 20th century modeled themselves after what profession? |
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| People with ideas who change societies direction by the force of their thinking |
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| Two eruptions in political journalism/intellectualism |
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Definition
Turned to the left - WWII, 40s/50s
Turned back to the right in the 70s/80s |
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| Who carries the banner in British media for the conservative view? |
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| Class takeover in journalism |
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| journalism moved from a trade to a profession |
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| a world changing moment with awesome consequences |
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| When news crews go live at 5am outside of a dark school or do something else ridiculous of the sort what are they trying to do? |
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| Lord Northcliff believed news must involve one of these 4 things: |
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| Started Daily Mail and Daily Mirror...one of only newspaper owners to support unions |
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| Explain "news has its own geography" |
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Definition
| for every mile it moves away from the center, it loses it's force and weight |
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| What effect did the prosperity of the Victorian era have on newspapers? |
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Definition
-prosperity led to more ads
-more ads led to bigger papers
-larger paper meant larger news hole to fill meaning more pressure to have news |
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| stories told through real people intended to arouse emotional or visceral reaction |
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| taking a factual story and aggressively promoting it |
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| Why were people trying to stretch the truth in news? |
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Definition
| Field was becoming highly competitive, did what they could to get a competitive advantage |
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| What were the 3 British news values? (agenda of British news) |
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Definition
-threat of communism
-withdrawal from empire
-building of the welfare state |
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| What were the TROUBLES of journalism? |
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Definition
-Office bound journalists
-PR people manipulating info
-over-reliance on experts (university experts)
-Polling companies manipulating results |
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| Why does Marr call it a dirty art? |
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Definition
| Because broadcast news shows things like car accidents, etc instead of stuff that may affect us more like changes in tax rates |
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-Gaining power
-Holding power
-Losing power |
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| right of center, right wing, capitalist, conservative, don't like taxes or regulation |
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| left of center, pro-labour and welfare, agitators (adverse to status quo - agitate the mass thinking) |
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| 12 Ways to consume media - A.) |
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Definition
| Know what you're buying (need to know who owns your media outlet so you have an idea of the political stance and editorial view) |
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| 12 ways to consume media - B.) |
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| Follow the names (same concept of reading books by same author, keep track of people you like reading) |
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| 12 ways to consume media - C.) |
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Definition
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| 12 ways to consume media - D.) |
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Definition
Read the second paragraph
(nut graph, first paragraph is marketing, second is the meat and potatoes, root of the story) |
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| 12 ways to consume media - E.) |
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Definition
If headline asks a question, try answering no
(usually if someone asks a question in a headline, they don't have the answer) |
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| 12 ways to consume media - F.) |
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Definition
| Watch out for quotation marks in the headlines |
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| 12 ways to consume media - G.) |
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Definition
| read small stories, attend to page 2 |
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| 12 ways to consume media - H.) |
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Definition
Suspect research
(academics will put out cheap research for cheap publicity) |
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| 12 ways to consume media - I.) |
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Definition
Check the calendar
(know when stuff happened) |
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| 12 ways to consume media - J.) |
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Definition
Suspect financial superlatives
(look at how people use adjectives and adverbs) |
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| 12 ways to consume media - J.) |
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Definition
Remember that news is cruel
(reporting is usually exceptions to the norm - bad things happening to people) |
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| 12 ways to consume media - K.) |
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Definition
| Believe NOTHING you read about sales or circulation |
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Term
| What kind of columnist is Andrew Marr (besides political) |
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Definition
center-left columnist
-subscribes to welfare state
-gov't intervention |
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| 2 things that differentiate broadcast journalism from print journalism |
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Definition
-Technology
-Broadcast law (legally bound to be impartial) |
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| beginning, middle, and end. Have to make stories simple b/c they are on TV and can't waste people's time |
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| TV is visually driven, taxes may go up which is very important but TV news will rather cover a gruesome car accident |
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| Independent television news breakthroughs in technology (3) |
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Definition
-16mm camera
-teleprompter
-satellite launched (1962) |
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Definition
| Demanded accuracy and impartiality in TV media and also helped monitor bad propoganda |
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| another word for anchormen |
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| 2 things that sustain a society (two topics Marr believes should be in news everyday) |
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| News is skewed towards what 3 things |
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| What is one of the main things that show bias in reporting? |
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Definition
| The placement of cameras and journalists (essentially, what they choose to cover) |
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| What is going to help spread democracy in the future? |
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Definition
| the ability to communicate and the INABILITY to block things. The digital revolution is beyond practical control of government |
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| Early days of British news |
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Definition
-Post imperial
-Royalist
-Welfare state |
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| first time british media and parliament were at odds. have been at odds ever since and it has been healthy for both media and gov |
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| how is the BBC culturally biased? |
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Definition
Bc of the ppl who work there
-educated
-culturally left of center
-younger
-urbane
-more liberal |
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Term
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Definition
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| the history of British news is |
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Definition
| the history of foreign correspondents |
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| when was the first introduction of sending ppl abroad? |
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Definition
| crimean war - mid 19th century |
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| why did the british establish sending ppl abroad? |
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Definition
-maximized their colonial stretch
-had to inform ppl of their military efforts
-update on colonies |
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| invention of the last 20 years that has changed foreign correspondence the most |
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| problems with foreign correspondence today |
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-no one speaks foreign languages anymore
-can't find ppl to speak arabic languages |
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| made foreign correspondence interesting again |
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Term
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Definition
commentators - talking heads who give their opinions.
-hindu for pandit
-sanskrit for pandita which means SCHOLAR
"an opinionated person"
--its a laudatory not derogatory term |
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Term
| good journalism/PR columns have what? |
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Definition
| research. pundits are all opinion, their opinions have no intrinsic value |
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| when did PR start to take over? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| middle class took over journalism from lower class because they were more educated, also how PR came to rise. journalism transition from a trade to a profession |
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Term
| journalists became dependent on fixers...what are fixers? |
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Definition
-PR people pushing stories
-university experts
-polling companies w/ stories to tell |
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| 3 traditions of British news market |
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Definition
-buccaneering (aggressive journalism)
-dodgy (sensationalism - exaggerating a little)
-in his opinion, RIGHT WING |
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| TV news is skewed towards what 3 things? |
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Definition
-war
-violence
-celebrities |
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| 2 other things in politics besides power |
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Definition
-image (you've gotta look the part)
-personality (must have some personality to get elected) |
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| existed to protect/promote British values (and democracy) in a paternalistic way |
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| not that ppl couldnt "stomach" it anymore, britain could no longer AFFORD it. remember both books are writtin from pro-british point of view |
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| modern television regulation in Britain |
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| reaction to fascism, nazis, and other dictators and how they were able to use the media |
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