Term
What U.S. magazine has the highest circulation? |
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Definition
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Term
What technology is "bringing sexy back" to the magazine industry? |
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Definition
QR (Quick Response) Codes that let customers use their smart phones to connect to the magazine or advertisers websites |
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Term
What are the three stages of media development? |
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Definition
elite (richest/best educated have access), popular (available to masses), and specialized (break up into special interests such as sports or weddings) |
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Term
Where was the first magazine printed? |
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Definition
Edifying Monthly Discussions by Johann Rist printed in Germany in 1663. |
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Term
What was the first magazine in England? |
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Definition
Edward Cave's Gentleman's Magazine in 1731 (much like Reader's Digest) |
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Term
What were the first American magazines? |
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Definition
Bradford's "American Magazine" and Franklin's "General Magazine" were published within 3 days of eachother and failed after 6 months. |
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Term
What was the first successful Women's magazine? |
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Definition
"Ladie's Magazine" by Sarah Hale in 1828. Then bought by Louis Godey who renamed it "Godey's Lady's Book" and kept Hale as editor |
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Term
Predecessor to first successful women's magazine? |
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Definition
"Ladie's Home Journal" in 1833 |
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Term
The Golden Age of Magazines was made possible to what factors? |
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Definition
Commitment to education mean an increase in literacy, Postal Act of 1879 reduced the rate to send magazines through the mail, and free delivery to farms and country homes in the 1890s |
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Term
Why was the Postal Act of 1879 important to magazines? |
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Definition
Reduced the rate to send magazines through the mail |
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Term
What was Muckraking and who coined the term? |
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Definition
Investigative journalism conducted with the goal of social reform. Term coined by Teddy Roosevelt. |
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Term
Know these two muckrakers: |
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Definition
Ida Tarbell (standard oil) and Lincoln Steffens (city hall) |
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Term
What 3 major magazines died as a consequence from 1960s advertisers switching their ads from magazines to TV? |
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Definition
Life, Look, and Saturday Evening Post |
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Term
Who is known as the "king of digests?" |
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Definition
Reader's Digest by Dewitt and Lila Wallace in 1922 |
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Term
What was the first general interest magazine? |
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Definition
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Term
What magazine has the top U.S. revenues? |
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Definition
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Term
What caused the demise of the magazine biz in the 1970s? |
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Definition
Magazines were hurting from advertisers switching to TV advertising. Brought on the deaths of Life, Look, and Saturday Evening Post magazines |
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Term
Who is Cathie Black and what advice does she give? |
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Definition
Former president of Hearst Magazine 1996-2010. Advice: sit front and center of table in meetings, have an open door policy, be straight forward, network/make connections quickly |
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Term
What is a trade magazine? |
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Definition
Targets those in specific businesses and industries. Advertise products and services those industries need. |
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Term
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Definition
low-cost, self-published magazines put out by fans on a variety of topics, also called fanzines. |
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Term
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Definition
Only appear on the internet such as Slate and Salon |
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Term
Who is the magazine publisher? |
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Definition
Title of person who is most important and often is the founder. |
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Term
What is a contributing editor? |
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Definition
Title given to magazine's highest paid free-lance writers, who sometimes polish others' work. |
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Term
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Definition
The Cost Per thousand/Mile. Guideline for the price of each exposure of a customer to an ad. |
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Term
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Definition
post card sized reply cards inserted into magazines usually for subscriptions. |
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Term
What are split-run editions? |
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Definition
slightly different versions of the same magazine; as in demographic and regional editions for customers with different characteristics or geographic areas. |
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Term
What are subscription fulfillment companies? |
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Definition
businesses that specialize in soliciting magazine subscriptions. |
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Term
What are paid circulation magazines? |
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Definition
magazines that readers pay for subscriptions or news stand charges |
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Term
What is controlled circulation? |
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Definition
a system of distribution in which magazines are sent free to desired readers. |
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Term
What is pass-along circulation or pass-along readership? |
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Definition
Readership beyond the original purchaser of a publication. Example: after reading a magazine, my boss sets it in the lobby of the salon for our customers. |
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Term
Who invented celluloid film? |
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Definition
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Term
What were Thomas Edison's two inventions that paved the way for film making? |
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Definition
kinetograph- early motion picture camera and kinetoscope- early motion picture viewer |
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Term
What was an example of Edison's film shorts from the 1890s? |
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Definition
The Great Train Robbery by Edwin Porter featuring the first chain scene and first western. |
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Term
What was the "Black Maria?" |
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Definition
Edison's movie studio in West Orange, New Jersey. Same studio used to shoot The Great Train Robbery |
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Term
What did Edison see as the main use of films? |
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Definition
to be visual accompaniments to his earlier invention, the phonograph |
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Term
What was the name of Edison's Trust? |
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Definition
Motion Picture Patents Company |
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Term
How did Edison's Trust attempt to control the movie equipment business? |
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Definition
Conditions: 1) couldn't make films if you didn't pay the Trust's fees 2) the Trust could destroy any equipment and violators could be prosecuted for patent infringement if anyone attempted to use camera or film |
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Term
What was the first movie's title and director released in 1915? |
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Definition
D.W. Griffith's Civil War epic "The Birth of a Nation" |
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Term
What technique's did Griffith perfect in "The Birth of a Nation?" |
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Definition
the close-up, flashback, fade out, and montage |
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Term
Why did the movie industry move to California? |
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Definition
To hide from Edison's Trust, cheap labor in South California, and diverse scenery and mild climate for ideal shooting |
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Term
What is the studio system? |
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Definition
Defeated Edison's Trust. Created by Adolph Zukor's Paramount Studios. Revolutionized the movie industry by vertical integration |
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Term
What are the three parts of vertical integration in the movie industry? |
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Definition
Production (created stars such as Mary Pickford), Distribution (block booking and blind booking), and Exhibition (own theaters) |
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Term
What woman was known as one of the first movie stars? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
directors that have their own style as an artist. Example: Steven Spielberg is known for films such as Jaws and Jurassic Park |
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Term
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Definition
Forcing theater owners to show movies with unknown stars in order to get movies with established stars |
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Term
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Definition
film clips covering current events shown in theaters before the advent of TV. |
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Term
What did they call the first movies with sound? |
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Definition
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Term
What was the first movie with sound and who was the star of it? |
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Definition
The Jazz Singer starring Al Jolson in 1927. Contained only 354 words and produced by Warner Brothers. |
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Term
What was the Paramount decision and why was it important? |
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Definition
Major studios such as MGM and Paramount were forced to sell theaters in 1948 after 10 years of law suits for vertical integration and monopolistic practices. Severe blow to studios |
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Term
What was the Hollywood Ten? |
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Definition
investigations of alleged subversive, communist ties led by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). 41 interviews outted 19 people that were "un-American" |
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Term
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Definition
in 1960 the Hollywood Ten investigations led by HUAC outted 19 "un-American" people who were boycotted by major studios |
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Term
What were the first theaters? |
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Definition
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Term
What were the modern theaters of the 1930s called? |
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Definition
movie palaces. offered air conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
multiple screen movie theaters introduced in the 1970s |
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Term
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Definition
16 or more screen movie theaters with stadium seating, upscale concessions, sell ads to boost revenue, hire fewer employers |
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Term
American films are what percent of world's film revenues? |
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Definition
80% but only produce 15% of the world's films |
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Term
What country produces the most films? |
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Definition
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Term
What did the Supreme Court rule after VCRs were introduced in the early 1980s? |
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Definition
1983 Supreme Court ruled video recording for private use was NOT an infringement of copyright |
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Term
What happened as a result of the rise of the DVD? |
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Definition
not much industry resistance, seen as a VHS replacement |
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Term
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Definition
the illegal copying and selling of movies |
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Term
How did the movie industry dissuade file sharing after the 2003 declaration of war against file sharers? |
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Definition
Movie companies devised methods for encryption to dissuade illegal downloads |
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Term
What was the first movie to be produced entirely by computer? |
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Definition
Disney's Toy Story in 1995 |
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Term
What percentage of movies make money? |
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Definition
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Term
What do we call the profitable movies that bankroll the industry? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the average cost to produce a movie today? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the 3 phases of production? |
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Definition
1)preproduction: script, funding, set 2)production: shooting 3)postproduction: editing and improvements |
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Term
What are the motion picture marketing windows? |
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Definition
Domestic theatrical (1 weekend-6 months) Overseas theatrical (several weeks after domestic) Home media (3-6 months, DVD, payperview, OnDemand) Television (3 months-several years, standard cable) |
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Term
What is an executive producer? |
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Definition
The person who finds the financing for a film and puts the package together |
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Term
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Definition
People who lead the actual day-to-day work of making a film |
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Term
What are second unit directors? |
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Definition
Movie directors in charge of shooting the scenes that do not require the stars. |
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Term
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Definition
person who designs the physical look of the film |
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Term
What is a cinematographer? |
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Definition
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Term
what is a continuity supervisor? |
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Definition
film crew member in charge of making sure the shots match up; sometimes called the script's supervisor |
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Term
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Definition
member of film crew who sets up and moves cameras |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the gaffer's (lighting director's) assistant |
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Term
Who was the "Father of American Music"? |
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Definition
Stephen Foster. Wrote Oh! Suzanna |
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Term
What was the first recorded sound played on and who invented it? |
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Definition
Thomas Edison's phonograph in 1877. Had a cylinder with grooves cut into it, included a horn and a hand crank |
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Term
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Definition
similar to a phonograph, flat disks (rather than cylinders) with lateral grooves cut on one side |
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Term
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Definition
introduced in 1906, made to look like a piece of furniture, easier to produce, Victrola disks were less expensive than cylinders |
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Term
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Definition
District in NYC where songs were written "on order" for Broadway shows |
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Term
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Definition
released first national rock hit "Crazy Man Crazy" in 1953 along with "Shake, Rattle and Roll", and "Rock Around the Clock" |
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Term
Who was Elvis, where was he born, why was he important? |
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Definition
born on the wrong side of the tracks in Tupelo, Mississippi known as "the white boy from black community." Borrowed many songs from blacks and defined rock music until the 1960s |
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Term
What Elvis song was released by Sun Records in 1954? |
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Definition
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Term
What black singer was the first to get a No. 1 hit with a "white" cover? |
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Definition
Ray Charles with "I Can't Stop Loving You" |
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Term
What happened the day the music died? |
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Definition
1959 3 of rock n rolls biggest stars Buddy Holly, Richie Valens, and the Big Bopper were killed in a plane crash |
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Term
What triggered the start of the "British Invasion"? |
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Definition
The Beatles arrived in U.S. in 1964 to appear on The Ed Sullivan Show |
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Term
What was the hysteria over the Beatles known as? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
speaking in rhythm over drum beats |
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Term
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Definition
the backing music for rap |
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Term
What was the first commercial rap record? Artist? |
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Definition
"Rappers Delight" in 1979 by The Sugar Hill Gang |
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Term
What are the 4 major labels of the music industry? |
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Definition
EMI, Sony BMG, Universal, and Warner |
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Term
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Definition
(artist and repertoire) discover and develop the groups and performers |
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Term
What does the music producer do? |
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Definition
Oversee the making of a master record from start to finish |
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Term
What are the 2 types of royalties? |
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Definition
1) recording artist- makes money from recording sales (CDs, downloads, tapes) 2) songwriter and publisher- makes money from TV, radio, live performances, and recording sales |
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Term
What is analog recording vs. digital recording? |
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Definition
Analog- soundwave is stored directly to recording medium Digital- sound broken down electronically into numerical codes of 1s and 0s |
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Term
In what order are technologies introduced into the format wars? |
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Definition
Records 1950s > 8-track 1960s > cassette tapes late 70s/early 80s > CDs 1983 > MP3 and Apple's iPod 2000s |
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Term
What is high-fidelity (HiFi) sound? |
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Definition
truest sound to the original |
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Term
What is Napster and why is it important? |
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Definition
1999 developed first successful free file-sharing program but the free version was shut down through legal action |
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Term
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Definition
a point-of-sale computer system that determines sales for best selling record lists |
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Term
What is stereophonic sound? |
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Definition
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Term
What technologies of the 1990s did not "cut the mustard" during the format wars? |
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Definition
Digital Audio Tapes (DAT) and MiniDiscs (MD) |
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Term
Who discovered radio waves? |
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Definition
Hertz in 1887 when he ran an electric current through one coil, which produced a current in another coil across the room which is called an electromagnetic spectrum |
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Term
Who is credited with inventing radio? |
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Definition
Guglielmo Marconi in 1896 when he combined Edison's electric coil and Morse's telegraph |
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Term
Who really invented the radio? (Think: The Bucket List) |
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Definition
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Term
What is wireless telegraphy? |
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Definition
name for early radio transmissions before human voices could be carried on the air waves. |
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Term
Who is credited with inventing wireless telephony (wireless voice transmission)? |
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Definition
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Term
What is an Audion and who invented it? |
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Definition
a tube invented by Lee De Forest that was designed to pick up and amplify radio signals; also known as a vacuum tube |
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Term
What are four examples of wired vs. wireless in the technology wars? |
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Definition
1) telegraph vs. radio 2) cable vs. TV 3) home phone vs. cell phones 4) traditional internet vs. WiFi |
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Term
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Definition
1926 RCA's David Sarnoff formed the first 2 radio networks NBC Red and NBC Blue |
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Term
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Definition
in 1927 Paley bought the money losing Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) from Columbia Record Company |
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Term
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Definition
Became the voice of WWII on CBS radio |
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Term
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Definition
when networks own and operate some of the local stations that they provide programming to |
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Term
What was the Mutual Broadcasting System? |
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Definition
formed by 1934 coalition of independent stations not affiliated with the major networks |
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Term
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Definition
created in the mid 1940s when the government forced RCA to sell one of it's networks |
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Term
What is a network affiliate? |
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Definition
a local station that has a contractual relationship to air a network's programming |
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Term
What is the Radio Act of 1912? |
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Definition
Came about because of the Titanic. Required ships at sea to leave radio on 24/7. required federal licensing of all radio transmitters |
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Term
What is the Radio Act of 1927? |
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Definition
Established FRC (later FCC) with powers to limit the number of broadcasters, assign frequencies, and revoke licenses. required broadcasters to operate in the "public interest, convenience, and necessity" |
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Term
What are call letters? Which start with W and which start with K? |
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Definition
Letter assigned to beginning of a radio station's name. W for East of Mississippi River and K for West. Example: 98.5 KVOO in Tulsa, OK |
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Term
What is the Communications Act of 1934? |
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Definition
FRC became FCC (Federal Communications Commission) which gave it authority over interstate telephone, telegraph, and radio communication. |
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Term
What is the Telecommunications Act of 1996? |
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Definition
Eliminated radio station ownership restrictions. Before: no more than 2 per market area. After: as many as 8 per market. Effect: from 1996 to 2004, the number of radio station owners decline by 34% |
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Term
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Definition
Scientist Edwin Armstrong believed FM (frequency modulation) waves that created their signal by modulating the frequency/speed at which the wave traveled, would be of higher quality |
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Term
What is the difference between AM and FM radio? |
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Definition
AM- created its signal by changing (modulating) the power (amplitude) of the carrier wave FM- created its signal by modulating the speed (frequency) at which the wave traveled |
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Term
When was the Golden Age of Radio? |
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Definition
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Term
What types of programming did the Golden Age of Radio feature? |
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Definition
formula dramas, situation comedies, soap operas, game shows, musical variety, talk shows, broadcast news and sports |
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Term
What are transistors and what did they allow? |
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Definition
transistors were miniature versions of the vacuum tube which made radio portable |
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Term
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Definition
prerecorded DJ's that give the illusion of live radio studios |
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Term
How does Clear Channel exhibit synergy? |
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Definition
owns 1,200 of the largest and most profitable stations out of the 13,750 U.S. radio stations |
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Term
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Definition
How radio stations divide up their time: morning drive time, midday, afternoon drive time, evening, and overnight |
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Term
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Definition
visual way programmers lay out their broadcast hour; looks like a pie chart |
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Term
When are "drive times" on the radio? |
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Definition
Morning drive time: 6-10 am Afternoon drive time: 3-7 pm |
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Term
What format has the most listeners and stations today? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
radio format where the current 40 best-selling songs are played on rotation |
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Term
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Definition
a practice in which record companies paid radio station personnel to play certain records |
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Term
What is National Public Radio (NPR)? |
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Definition
A distinctive niche in radio news that Congress set up in 1970 to connect noncommercial stations and produce programs for them to use |
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