Term
|
Definition
| Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the role and influence of the media in bringing topics and issues to public attention; the media help define what people think about |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of those along the communication chain who have a role in determining what does or does not appear in the media; particularly editors, news directors, ect. |
|
|
Term
| Fourth estate/fourth branch |
|
Definition
| refers to the role of the press as a fourth branch of government, one that watches the other branches (executive, legislative, and judicial); in earlier times fourth estate referred to the press as a locus of power along with the clerical, temporal, and common estates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a world linked together by telecommunications, a concept popularized by media theorist Marshall McLuhan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reporting or covering an election campaign as a sports event -- who's ahead, who's falling back, who's gaining, ect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a short excerpt from a statement or speech that is broadcast on radio or television |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| governmental efforts or actions to prevent something from being published, broadcast, or distributed; such action would normally be prohibited by the First Amendment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| written defamation that tends to injure an individual's reputation or good name or diminishes the esteem, or goodwill due a person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of defamation that is spoken, as opposed to written (libel), that damages a person's reputation or otherwise harms that individual |
|
|
Term
| Freedom of Information (Act) |
|
Definition
| provides legal access to public records maintained by government. There are both federal and state laws that allow access to public records. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the exclusive right to use, publish, and distribute a work such as a piece of writing, music, film, or video; ownership of a piece of intellectual property |
|
|
Term
| Social responsibility theory |
|
Definition
| a belief or philosophy that freedom of the press carries with it a responsibility to serve society; theory that holds that the media play an important role in informing the public of important information that allows them to make informed decisions, so therefore the media should be largely free of government constraints in providing news |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New York journalist and printer who was arrested for libel and then acquitted in 1735. His lawyer, Andrew Hamilton, established the principle that truth is a defense for libel and helped provide basis for principle of press freedom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a network connection that allows for a large amount of bandwidth to be transmitted, which allows for more information to be sent in a shorter period of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the realm associated with computer communication, a territory that does not recognize conventional boundaries and hierarchies; the universe of information available from computer networks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin glass bundles of fiber capable of transmitting thousands of messages converted to shooting pulses along cable wires; these bundles of fiber can carry broadcast channels, telephone signals, and all sorts of digital codes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a newspaper style or era that flourished in the 1890's, emphasizing high-interest stories, sensational crime news, large headlines, plus reports that exposed corruption in business and government. Associated with William Randolph Hearst, Joseph Pulitzer, and "The Yellow Kid." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the blending of or overlap in media functions as technologies evolve; melding of print, electronic, and photographic media into digitized form; also refers to the multimedia ownership by large conglomerates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the characteristics of an audience such as age, sex, race, level of education, level of income, ect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the international ownership, reach, and coverage of the media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the often unstated criteria that journalists use to determine which events and issues should be reported, including timeliness, proximity, conflict, prominence, human interest, consequence, usefulness, novelty, and deviance |
|
|
Term
| Federal Communications Commission |
|
Definition
| an independent U.S. government agency charged with regulating interstate and international communication by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. Established in 1934. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extensions on Web addresses such as ".edu," that indicate the origination of a Web site. These are assigned by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concept of the press as a monitor of government and public affairs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| negative political ads that contain criticism of a candidate's character or record, often playing loose with context and facts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in public relations, the strategic response to uncontrolled negative publicity about an individual, client, or company |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| term used by critics of what is seen as one culture's dominance of another through popular media, fashion, food, ect.; refers particularly to U.S./Westers media |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| investigative journalists; a term coined by President Theodore Roosevelt to describe reporters who specialized in exposing sandals and corruption -- he said they were so busy "raking muck" that they didn't see the good in the world |
|
|
Term
| Integrated marketing communications |
|
Definition
| the process of using promotional tools, including advertising, in a unified way so that a synergistic communications effect is created |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| satellite TV news channel that is based in Qatar and broadcasts in Arabic and English |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| news often reported in chatty, colorful style with less emphasis on straight facts and quotes; frequently featuring celebrity news or gossip; geared to satisfying audience "wants," not needs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of television, through emotion-rising video, to elevate distant issues onto the public agenda |
|
|
