Term
| Muscarinic receptor agonists action (in General) |
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Definition
| do the opposite of the parasympathetic |
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Term
atropine/scopolamine effects on: eye Cardiovasular system respiratory system |
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Definition
eye- pupillary dilation cardiovascular system- increased heart rate respiratory system-dilates bronchioles |
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Term
| atropine effect on blood vessels |
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Definition
| no effect because most blood vessels are not innervated |
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Term
atropine/scopolamine effect on GI salivary glands sweat glands urinary tract |
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Definition
GI- reduces motility and secretions salivary glands- inhibits salvation sweat glands- inhibits sweating Urinary tract- inhibits urinary contractions (used for IBS) |
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Term
| atropine/scopolamine effect on the CNS |
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Definition
atropine- only effects CNS in high/toxic doses Scopolamine is tertiary and does cross the BBB. it blocks receptors that keep us awake so it causes sedation |
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Term
| atropine and scopolamine receptor selectivity |
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Definition
nicotinic receptors- no affinity muscarinic receptors- not selective |
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Term
atropine dose related responses from lowest to highest dose |
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Definition
| less salvation < increased HR = less accomodation <GI effects |
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Term
| susceptible patient populations to the effects of muscarinic antagonists |
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Definition
elderly- CNS effects at low doses elderly- can be misdiagnosed with dementia children- CNS effects at low doses children- hyperthermia caused by blocking sweat glands |
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Term
| other drug classes that block muscarinic receptors |
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Definition
antidepressents antipsychotics antihistamines urinary incontinence |
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Term
| quaternary amine properties such as atropine |
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Definition
| not absorbed systemically |
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Term
| tertiary amine properties |
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Definition
increased lipophilicity CNS effects- to treat Parkinsons urinary retention eye- pupilary dilation |
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Term
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Definition
use: GI hyper-motility, IBS, colitis structure quaternary amine- poorly absorbed systemically MOA: increases stomach emptying time |
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Term
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Definition
Use: urinary incontinence Strucuture: tertiary amine- well absorbed from GI not drug of choice because its not M3 selective |
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Term
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Definition
use: to treat GI hypermotility -less useful than quaternary amines due to more systemic side effects |
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Term
| benztropine theraputic use: |
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Definition
use: parkinsons disease Structure: tertiary amine- crosses BBB |
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Term
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Definition
use- diagnostic- dilates pupil and blocks accommodation advantage: has the shortest half life of ophthalmology drugs -ophthalmic drug of choice |
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Term
| ophthalmic use of atropine and scopolamine |
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Definition
use- dilates pupils atropine duration of action: (7-10 days) scopolamine duration of action: 3-7 days |
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Term
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Definition
GI use; diarrhea, IBS (antispasmodic) MOA: reduce gastric secretions and motility also for muschroom posioning b/c they contain muscarinic agonists |
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Term
| Ipratropium therapeutic uses |
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Definition
respiratory disorder use: COPD/lung disease, colds and hay fever MOA: bronchiodilation |
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Term
| scopolamine therapeutic use |
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Definition
use: motion sickness MOA: unsure |
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Term
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Definition
eye uses: pupillary dilation for cycloplegia patients that have failure of accommodation advantages: increased lipophilicity and decreased half life |
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Term
| Tripitamine therapeutic uses |
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Definition
use: treat bradycardia for post-myocardial infarction M2 selective antagonist (preclinical) |
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Term
therapeutic use of: Darifenacin – tertiary amine Solifenacin – tertiary amine Trospium – quatinary amine |
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Definition
| used solely for incontinance (urinary urgency as in UTI) M3 selective antagonist |
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Term
| adverse effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists |
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Definition
blurred vision confusion mydriasis (dilated pupil) constipation urinary retention |
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Term
| muscarinic receptor antagonist contraindications |
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Definition
glaucoma, benign prostatic hyperlasia- because they already have trouble peeing, gastric ulcer- because these drugs increase gastric acid production |
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