Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Very small
Slender
Wings narrow, often spotted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fresh, Salt, or Brackish water
Mud contaminated with animal waste
Adults only disperse a short distance from breeding site |
|
|
Term
| Equine Allergic Dermatitis |
|
Definition
Hypersensitivity in horses to biting midges, sweet itch
Vectors of disease
Found in coastal areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
common filarial parasite of horses
(midge) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hosts: ruminants, esp. sheep
transmitted by Culicoides
Cattle may be a reservoir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fever
nasal discharge with blood
hyperemia (lameness in hooves, wool break in skin)
high morbidity and mortality
abortion and congenital deformities |
|
|
Term
| Bluetongue Prevention and Control |
|
Definition
Keep animals in at night
Keep herds away from biting populations
Move animals to higher altitudes
Eliminate gnat breeding areas
Vaccinate |
|
|
Term
| Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease |
|
Definition
Affects Deer
viral infection caused by bluetongue
occurs in southeast US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Order: Diptera
forward facing proboscis that is equal in length to head and thorax
wings with scales along veins forming a fringe |
|
|
Term
| Subfamily Toxorhynchitinae |
|
Definition
Mosquito
Genus: Toxorhynchites
not blood feeders; larvae are predacious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mosquitoes
most important; encompasses all the important genera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mosquitoes
primary vectors in VA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mosquito
important vector in VA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mosquito
Genus: Anopheles
malaria vectors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| larvae do not have a siphon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
complete metamorphosis (endopterygota)
eggs float or laid in rafts, desiccation resistant
larvae are filter feeders and air breathers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anophelines: floats
Culicines: laid in rafts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
filter-feeders
air-breathers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
respiratory horns
motile
protandry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
salt march
floodwater
drainage/irrigation ditches
tree holes/ leaf axils
artificial containers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
both sexes are nectar feeders
host seeking involves detection of CO2, heat, lactic acid, shape, and color |
|
|
Term
| Control of Immature Mosquitoes |
|
Definition
predators (fish, copepods)
parasites and pathogens (nematodes bacilli, protozoans, fungi)
physical control (source reduction)
chemical control (pesticides) |
|
|
Term
| Control of Adult Mosquitoes |
|
Definition
Insecticides
Personal Protection (DEET, screens, bugnets, etc.)
avoid floral fragrances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
broad spectrum protection
usage guidelines: apply on skin, not under clothing, not on cuts/wounds, keep out of eyes/mouth, not for kids, wash off immediately after use
Long term: >20%
Short term <20%
Greater than 50% offers no additional protection |
|
|
Term
| Mosquito Products that are not Effective |
|
Definition
Bug zappers
misting systems
untrasound
citronella
CO2 expelling devices |
|
|
Term
| Med & Vet Importance of Mosquitoes |
|
Definition
biting pests
vecotrs for malaria, filarid worms, and viruses |
|
|
Term
| Malaria Agents & Vectors & Reservoir |
|
Definition
Agents: Protozoan parasites from Plasmodium genus
Vectors: Anopheles species of mosquito
Reservoir: Man |
|
|
Term
| Malaria Life Cycle (Mosquito) |
|
Definition
| gametocytes (in ingested blood) -> ookinete (fertilized gametocyte) -> Oocyst -> Sporozoites (released by oocyst) -> sporagany (this is the process) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sporozoites (injected by mosquito) -> exerythrocytic cycle (infect the liver) -> schizonts (develop in liver) -> merozoites (released from liver into blood) -> (hypnozoites are dormant) -> erythrocytic cycle (infect RBCs) -> gametocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found in 43% of all malaria cases
fever every 48 hours
relapses up to 8 years
Schufner's dots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found in 50% of all malaria cases
48 hour cycles
most severe form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
paroxysm every 72 hours
can lead to recrudescence
important in transfusion transmission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
zoonotic in macaques and mosquitoes
similar to P. malariae, but more pathogenic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 main factors:
-host inflammatory response
-anemia |
|
|
Term
| Factors contributing to the re-emergence of Malaria |
|
Definition
human migration
environmental changes
spread of drug resistance
increased air travel |
|
|
Term
| Factors leading the Malaria Eradication in the US |
|
Definition
| interrupted human-vector contact, decreased anopheline populations, effective treatment |
|
|
Term
| Protection Against Malaria |
|
Definition
no vaccine available yet
avoid mosquito bites
animalarial drugs (larium, maalarone, doxycycline, chloroquine, primaquine) |
|
|
