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| bronchiole (little airway) |
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| structure that warms, moistens, and filters air as it enters the respiratory tract and that houses the olfactory receptors for the sense of smell |
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| air-filled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity |
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| partition between the oral and nasal cavities; divided into hard and soft |
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| throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air into the larynx |
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| part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages |
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| central portion of the pharynx between the roof of the mouth and the upper edge of the epiglottis |
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| lower part of the pharynx just below the oropharynx opening into the larynx and the esophagus |
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| oval lymphatic tissue on each side of the pharynx that filter air to protect the body from bacterial invasion- aka palatine tonsils |
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| lymphatic tissue on the back of the pharynx behind the nose- aka pharyngeal tonsil |
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| small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate; named for grape like shape |
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| voice box; passage way for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords |
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| opening between the vocal cords in the larynx |
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| lid-like structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway |
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| windpipe; passageway for air from the larynx to the area of the carina where it spills into the right and left bronchus |
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| branched airways that lead from the trachea to the alveoli |
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| two primary airways branching from the area of the carina into the lungs |
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| progressively smaller tubular branches of the airways |
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| thin-walled microscopic air sacs that exchange gases |
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| two spongy organs, located in the thoracic cavity enclosed by the diaphragm and rib cage, responsible for respiration |
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| subdivisions of the lung, two on the left and three on the right |
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| membranes enclosing the lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) |
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| potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura |
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| muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration by moving up and down |
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| partition that separates the thorax into two compartments (that contain the right and left lungs) and encloses the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus gland |
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| thin sheets of tissue that line the respiratory passages and secrete mucus, a viscid (sticky) fluid |
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| hair-like processes from the surface of epithelial cells, such as those of the bronchi, that provide upward movement of mucous cell secretions |
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| functional tissues of any organ such as the tissues of the bronchioles, alveoli, ducts, and sacs that perform respiration |
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| ability to breathe only in an upright position |
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| Cheyne-Stokes respiration |
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| pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea |
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| popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli- occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis |
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| high-pitched, musical sounds heard on auscultation of the lung as air flows through a narrowed airways- occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema |
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| a high-pitched crowing sound that is a sign of obstruction in the upper airway (trachea or larynx) |
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| degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance (characteristic of tuberculosis) |
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| coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs |
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| material expelled from the lungs by coughing |
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| coughing up and spitting out blood originating in the lungs |
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| excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood |
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| excessive movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypocapnia |
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| deficient movement of air in and out of the lungs causing hypercapnia |
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| deficient amount of oxygen in the blood |
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| obstructive lung disorder |
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| condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs |
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| restrictive lung disorder |
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| condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs |
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| fluid filling the spaces around the alveoli, eventually flooding into the alveoli |
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| density on an x-ray representing solid material within the air spaces of the lungs, usually indicating inflammatory changes |
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| thin, watery discharge from the nose |
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| panting; obstructive pulmonary disease caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane, characterized by paroxysmal (sudden, periodic) attacks of wheezing, dyspnea, and cough |
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| collapse of lung tissue (alveoli) |
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| abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus |
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| inflammation of the bronchi |
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| constriction of bronchi caused by spasm of the peribronchial smooth muscle |
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| obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by overexpansion of the alveoli with air, with destructive changes in their walls resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange |
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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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| permanent, destructive pulmonary disorder that is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
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| inherited condition of exocrine gland malfunction causing secretion of abnormally thick, viscous (sticky) mucus that obstructs passageways within the body, commonly affecting the lungs and digestive tract; mucus that obstructs that airways leads to infection, inflammation, and lung tissue damage |
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| inflammation of the larynx |
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| laryngotracheobronchitis/croup |
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| inflammation of the upper airways with swelling that creates a funnel-shaped elongation of tissue causing distinct "seal bark" cough |
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| spasm of laryngeal muscles causing constriction |
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| presence of numerous polyps in the nose (a polyp is a tumor on a stalk) |
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| inflammation of the pharynx |
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| accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity |
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| accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity |
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| accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity |
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| inflammation of the pleura |
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| chronic restrictive pulmonary disease resulting from prolonged inhalation of fine dusts such as coal, asbestos (asbestosis), or silicone (silicosis) |
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| inflammation in the lung caused by infection from bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, or resulting from aspiration of chemicals |
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| pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis carinii organism- a common opportunistic infection seen in those with positive HIV |
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| air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall |
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| air and blood in the pleural cavity |
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| inflammation of the lungs often caused by hypersensitivity to chemicals or dusts |
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| occlusion in the pulmonary circulation, most often caused by a blood clot |
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| disease caused by the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs characterized by the formation of tubercles, inflammation, and necrotizing caseous lesions |
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| inflammation of the sinuses |
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| periods of breathing cessation (10 sec or more) that occur during sleep, often causing snoring |
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| acute or chronic inflammation of the tonsils |
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| upper respiratory infection |
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| infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi |
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| analysis of arterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases |
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| a measure of blood acidity or alkalinity |
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| partial pressure of oxygen measuring the amount of oxygen in the blood |
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| partial pressure of carbon dioxide measuring the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood |
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| examination of a body cavity with a flexible endoscope to examine within for diagnostic or treatment purposes |
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| use of a flexible endoscope, called a bronchoscope, to examine the airways |
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| use of a flexible endoscope to examine the nasal passages and the pharynx (throat) to diagnose structural abnormalities such as obstructions, growths and cancers |
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| removal of a small piece of lung tissue for pathological examination |
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| two-part nuclear scan of the lungs to detect abnormalities of perfusion or ventilation, commonly called a V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) scan |
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| made as the patient breathes radioactive material into the airways |
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| made after radioactive material is injected into the blood and circulates to the lungs |
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| recording of various aspects of sleep (eye and muscle movements, respiration, brain wave patterns) for diagnosis of sleep disorders |
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| to listen; listening to the sounds within the body with the aid of a stethoscope |
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| physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity such as the chest |
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| pulmonary function testing |
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| direct and indirect measurements of lung volumes and capacities |
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| portion of pulmonary function testing that is a direct measure of lung volume and capacity |
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| amount of air exhaled after a normal inspiration |
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| amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration |
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| peak flow/ peak expiratory flow rate |
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| measure of the fastest flow or exhaled air after a maximal inspiration |
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| noninvasive method of estimating the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood using an oximeter with a specialized probe attached to the skin at a site of arterial pulsation, commonly the finger; used to monitor hypoxemia |
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| x-ray image of the chest to visualize the lungs |
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| x-ray of the blood vessels of the lungs after injection of contrast material |
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| removal of a lobe of the lung |
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| removal of an entire lung |
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| puncture for aspiration of the chest |
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| repair of the chest involving fixation of the ribs |
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| endoscopic examination of the pleural cavity using a thorascope |
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| creation of an opening in the chest usually for insertion of a tube |
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| excision of the palatine tonsils |
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| tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
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| excision of the tonsils and adenoids |
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| creation of an opening in the trachea, most often to insert a tube |
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| incision into the trachea |
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| cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
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| method of artificial respiration and closed-chest massage used to restore breathing and cardiac output after cardiac arrest |
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| continuous positive airway pressure |
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| device that pumps a constant pressurized flow of air through the nasal passages, commonly used during sleep to prevent airway closure in sleep apnea |
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| passage of a tube into the trachea via the nose or mouth to open the airway for delivering gas mixtures to the lungs |
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| common post-op breathing therapy using a specially designed spirometer to encourage the pt to inhale and repeatedly sustain an inspiratory volume to exercise the lungs and prevent pulmonary complications |
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| mechanical method performed by a respiratory therapist to provide assisted breathing using a ventilator |
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| drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms |
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| drug that dissolves, or prevents the formation of, thrombi or emboli in the blood vessels |
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| drug that dilates the muscular walls of the bronchi |
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| drug that breaks up mucus and promotes coughing |
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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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| continuous positive airway pressure |
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| human immunodeficiency virus |
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| peak expiratory flow rate |
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| tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
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| upper respiratory infection |
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