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| fluid-filled cavity between the pericardial layers |
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| between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
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| valve between the right atrium and ventricle |
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| valves located at intervals within the lining of veins, especially in the legs, which constrict with muscle action to move the blood returning to the heart |
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| circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue |
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| circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchange of gases |
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| fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract |
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| resting; resting state of a myocardial cell |
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| change of myocardial cell from a polarize state to a state of contraction |
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| recharging of the myocardial cell from a contracted state back to a resting state |
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| regular rhythm of the heart cycle stimulated by the SA node (average rate 60-100 beats/min) |
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| thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of the arterial walls |
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| a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by the buildup of fat |
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| a clot carried int he bloodstream that obstructs when it lodges |
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| a condition of narrowing of a part |
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| to hold back blood; decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel |
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| a lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion, etc. |
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| to stuff; a localized area of necrosis caused by ischemia as a result of occlusion of a blood vessel |
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| chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart muscle often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries |
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| a widening; bulging of the wall of the heart, the aorta, or an artery caused by congenital defect of aquired weakness |
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| a sac-like bulge on one side |
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| a split or tear of the vessel wall |
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| to limp; pain in a limb while walking that subsides after rest; it is caused by inadequate blood supply |
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| to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally a result of an infection such as bacterial endocarditis |
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| chaitic, irregular contractions of the heart |
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| extremely rapid but regular contractions of the heart (usually between 250-350 beats/min) |
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| an interference with the normal electrical conduction of the heart defined by the location of the block |
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| premature ventricular contraction |
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| a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse by the SA node |
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| a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or heart valves |
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| compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in teh pericardial sac as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart |
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| narrowing of the decending aorta resulting in limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body |
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| an anomaly that consists of four defects; pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, malposition of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy- causes blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation so that deoxygenated blood goes into teh systemic circulation, resulting in cyanosis |
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| failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a "bottleneck" of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body |
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| a condition of enlargement of the right ventricle as a result of chronic disease within the lungs that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs |
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| high bp attributed to no single cause |
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| high bp caused by the effects if another disease |
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| protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and back flow of blood |
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| inflammation of the myocardium most often caused by viral or bacterial infection |
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| damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever |
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| inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation |
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| a physical examination method of listening to sounds within the body with the aid of a stethoscope |
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| noise; an abnormal heart sound caused by turbulence within |
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| an ECG of the heart recorded during the induction of controlled physical exercise using a treadmill or ergometer; useful in detecting conditions such as ischemia and infarction |
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| intracardiac electrophysiological study (EPS) |
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| invasive procedure involving placement of catheter-guided electrodes within the heart to evaluate and map the electrical conduction of cardiac arrhythmias; intracardiac catheter ablation may be performed at the same time to treat teh arrhythmia |
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| intracardiac catheter ablation |
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| use of radiofrequency waves sent through a catheter within the heart to treat arrhythmia by selectively destroying myocardial tissue at sites generating abnormal electrical pathways |
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| magnetic resonance angiography |
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| MRI of the heart and blood vessels for pathological evaluation |
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| myocardial radionuclide perfusion scan |
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| scan of heart made after intravenous injection of an isotope that is absorbed by myocardial cells in proportion to blood flow throughout the heart |
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| position emission tomography scan of the heart |
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| use of nuclear isotopes and computed tomography techniques to produce perfusion images and study the cellular metabolism of the heart; at rest or with stress |
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| x-ray of blood vessel after injection of contrast |
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| intro of felxible, narrow tube or catheter through a vein or artery into the heart to withdraw samples of blood, measure pressures within the heart chambers or vessels, and inject contrast media for fluoroscopic radiography and cine film (motion picture) imaging of the chambers of the heart and cononary arteries- very often includes interventional procedures such as angioplasty and atherectomy |
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| left heart catheterization |
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| x-ray of left ventricular cavity and coronary arteries |
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| right heart catheterization |
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| measurement of oxygen saturation and pressure readings of the right side of the heart |
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| measurement of volume percentage of left ventricular contents ejected with each contraction |
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| transesophageal echocardiogram |
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| an ECHO of the heart after placement of an ultrasonic transducer at the end of an endoscope inside the esophagus |
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