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the medical specialty that studies the anatomy and phisioology of the blood and uses diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs to treat blood diseases.
hemat/o- blood
-logy the study of |
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clear, straw colored liquid that makes up 55% of the blood
contains many dieffernt substances |
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| Plasma protien, to large to passs through the wall of a blood vessel. Stays in plasma and exerts an osmotic pressure that keeps water in he blood from moving out into the surrounding tissues |
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| chemical stucture that carry apositve or negative electrical charge |
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chemical strucutes that carry a positive ot negative electrical charge.
electr/o-electricy
-lyte dissolves substance |
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| process by which all the formed elements in the plasma are produced. occurs in the red marrow of long bones or flat bones. start with stem cells |
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process by which all of the formed elements in the plasma are produced. Occurs in the red marrow of long bones or flat bones, every type of blood cell starts with stem cells.
hemat/o- blood
-poiesis process of formation |
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red blood cell(RBC)
most numerous of the formed elemnets suspended in plasma
round somewhat flattened red disk
have no cell nucleus
contain hemoglobin
erythr/o- red
-blast immature cell |
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a red iron-containg molecule that binds and carries oxygen to the body also bind to CO2 and carries it back to the lungs
hem/o- blood
glob/o- shaped like a globe; comprehensive
-in a substance
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hemoglobin bound to oxygen
oxy- oxygen; quick
hem/o- blood
glob/o- globular in shape
-in a substance |
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Formation of Erythrocytes
erythroblasts
normoblasts
reticulocytes |
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| develop in red marrow from stem cells that become erythroblasts and then normoblasts. They are released into the blood ina slightly immmatue form know as reticulocytes. Within a day the reticulocyte become a mature erythrocyte(RBC) |
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when the body experiences significant blood loss the hormone erythropoietin is secreted
increases the speed at which erythrocytes are produced and become mature
erythr/o- red
poietin a subsatnce that forms (RBCs) |
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| deterioration of erythrocytes |
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no nucleus unable to divide or repair
lasts 120 days
Macrophages in spleen engulf old RBCs
break dowm hemoglobin into heme and globin molecules
iron is stripped from the heme molecule and stored in the liver and spleen
rest of heme molecule becomes bilirubin: used by liver to make bile and is also an antioxidant
globin molecule broken down into amino acids |
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White blood cells (WBCs)
5 types: neutrophilis, esosinophilis, basphilis, lymphocytes, and monocytes
differentiated by the presence or absence in cytoplasm and shape of the nucleus
leuk/o- white
-cyte cell
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Granulocyte
engulf and destroys bacteria
neutr/o- not taking part
-phill attractin to; fondeness for
(do not staing well) |
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granulocyte
engulf and destroy foriegn cells (pollen, animal dander, etc.) and release chemicals that kill parasites
eosin/o- eosin (red acisic dye)
-phil attration to; fondess for |
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Granulocyte
release histamine at the sire of tissue injury, release heparin to limit the size of a forming blood clot
bas/o- base of a strcuture; basic
-phil attraction to; fondess for |
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angranulocyte
engulf and detroy viruses and produce antibodies (immunoglobins)
lymph/o- lymph; lympahtic system
-cyte cell |
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agranulocyte
engulf and destroy micro-orgamisms, cancerous cells, dead leukocytes, and cellular debris
mon/o- one; single
-cyte cell |
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leukocyte with large granules in its cytoplasm
granul/o- granule
-cyte cell |
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leukocyte with few or no granules in its cytoplasm
a- away from; without
granul/o- granule
-cyte cell |
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| cells that engluf and destroy bacteria |
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platelet
cell fragement
active in blood clotting proces
thromb/o- thrombus (blood clot)
-cyte cell
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determines how blood group is named
protien molecule on the cell membrane of the erythrocyte
anti- against
-gen that which produces |
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has 47 differet antigens
known as the Rh factor
when these antigens are present Rh postive when not present Rh negative |
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injury
blood vessel contract to decrease blood loss
thrombocytes stick to damges blood vessel wall and form clumps |
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| activated in plasma when there is damage to blood vessels |
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Strands formed by the activatoin of clotting facors. Fibrin Traps erythrocytes to form a blood clot.
Fibr/o- fiber |
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a blood clot
Thromb/o- thrombus (blood clot) |
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| formation of blood clot by platelets, erythrocytes and clotting factors |
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the cessasion of bleeding
Hem/o- blood |
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| Blood cloting factor II, activated just before the thrombus(blood clot) is formed. |
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Blood clotting factor iii. Also known as Tissue factor becase it is released when tissue is injured.
Thromb/o- thrombus
plast/o- growth; formation |
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| vessels tha begin as capilarries, carry lymph, contimue through lymph nodes, and empty into the right lymphatic duct or thoratic duct |
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| fluid that flows through the lympahtic system |
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| small, encapsuled pieces of lymphoid tissue located along lympahtic vessels, macrophages in the lymph nodes destroy microorgamisms and cancerous cells in the lymph fluid. aka lymph glands |
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conatin lymphocytes and macropahges taht are activ ein the immune response
ex. tonsils |
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| hormones secreted by the Thymus |
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lympoid organd locatexin the abdominal cavity posterior to the stomach.
destroys old erythrocytes-breaks hemogoblin in to heme and globin chains
stores iron, whole blood
lympoid tissue contains b and T cell lymphocytes |
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| coordinated effort between blood and lymphatic system to identify and destroy invading microoorganisms and forieign particles, or cancerous cells produced within the body |
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microorganism that causes a disease
bacteria, viruses and protozoa fungi and yeast
path/o- disease ;suffering |
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chemicals released by damaged tissue
call leukocytes to area
cyt/o- cell |
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| engulfa nd destroy bacteria that is caoted with antibodies |
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| engulf and destroy foriegn cells and release chemical that destroy parasitic worms and their eggs |
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| releases histamine and heperin at site of tissue injury |
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dilates blood bvessles and increase blood flow
increases permiabilty in blood vessles walls, prtien molecules and water leak out into the tissue causing edema(swelling) |
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laregest luekocyte
engulf and destroy pathogens that have anitbodies
eat dead leukocytes and cellular debris known as a macrophage in body tissue
monoblast immature form |
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| substance released by macrophages taht have engulfed a virus. simulates other cells to produce antiviral substance |
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| substance realses by macrophages that stimulates B and T cell lumphocytes and activates NK cells, produces fever |
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| Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) |
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| substance that destroyes endotoxins produced by certain bacteria. Also destroys cancerous cells |
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toxic substance produced by some bacteria
acts as a poison cause chills, fever, and shock
endo- innermost; within
tox/o- poison
-in a substance |
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NK (natural killer) cellls
B cells
T cells |
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| NK (natural killer) cells |
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| type of lymphocyte that matures in the red marrow and without the help of antibodies or complement protiens, recognizes and destroys pathogens |
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type of lyphocyte that matures in the red marroq of the bone
activated by macropahges and become palsma cells that makea nti bodies. also activate Helper T cells. |
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| Type of lymphocyte that matures in the thymus. 4 types. |
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stimulate production of cytotoxic t cells aka CD4 cells
produce memory T cells |
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| remember pathogen and becoem cytotic t cells |
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| engulf and destroy all types of pathogens as well s body cells that have been invaded by a virus |
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limit the extent and duration of the mmune respionse by inhibiting B cells adn cytotoxix T cells
aka CD8 |
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| produce by a b cells when it becomes a plasma cell aka immunoglobulin |
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9 protiens in plasma that are activated by the presence of a bacterium, virus or parasite then kill it by drilling holes in it.
causes basophils to release histamine where tissue has been damaged |
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loss of a large amount of blood, externally or internally. Injury o an atery causes a forceful spurting of large amount of blood
Hem/o- blood
-rrhage excessive flow or discharge |
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severe bacterial infection of tissues that spread to the blood
blood poisoning
septic/o- infection
-emia condition of the blood; subsatnce in the blood |
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| decrease in number of erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin |
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infectious disease caude by a virus
mon/o- one single
nucle/o- nucleus
-osis condition; abnormal |
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| blood clot in deep vein of lower leg cna travel to lungs and cause pulmonary embolismL blocked blood flow oto lungs |
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genetic abnormality
defiecieny of specific blood clotting factor
hem/o- blood
phil/o- attraction to; fpndess for
-iac pertaing to |
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generialzed swelling of arm or leg
occurs after surgery when chain of lymphnodes has been removed
tissue fluid cannot drain into lympahtic vessles at the normal rate causing edema
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enlargement of the spleen as felt on palpation of the abdomin.
splen/o- spleen
-megaly enlargement |
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