Term
| What interventions would you perform if your patient was receiving IV Nitroglycerin? |
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Definition
Nitroglycerin - Vasodilator
Lose fluid, lowers BP, Lowers HR
Monitor the BP and HR before giving drug (making sure level is not low) then again 30 minutes post giving drug. |
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Term
What interventions would you perform if your patient was receiving furosemide (Lasix)?
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Definition
Lasix- Loop diuretic (Wastes potassium)
Monitor Potassium
Check lab values: electrolytes, K+
Check renal function |
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Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia? |
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Definition
S/S - Discolored sputum, crackles, DULLNESS when percuss (palpate)- consolidation in the area of the lung
-Egophany, whisper test, pectoriloquy, bronchophony
-Order: a chest xray and sputum if suspicious of pneumonia.
Give: Mucinex (expectorant) - Thins the mucus |
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Term
| What interventions should the nurse perform if the client is experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation? |
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Definition
Rescue inhaler (Albuterol), Fast acting
Bronchodilator
Check: oxygen saturation level, if below <92, give nasal canula (oxygen supplement)
***Assess respiratory status***
Assessment is an invention (assess 1st- can be something blocking airway, choking etc. think about what else can be occurring) |
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Term
| What teaching would you provide a patient who has returned from a Bronchoscopy? |
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Definition
Bronchoscopy=scope goes into bronchial tubes in lungs
Look for polyps, nodules, growths, infected area
Give a lidocaine spray to mouth and goes down throat to numb it, patient is awake.
Teach: Check "gag reflex" with tongue depressor to see if they're ready/safe to eat. If gag, known that numbness has worn off.
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Term
| What signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor when a patient returns from having a procedure where his/her femoral artery was assessed? |
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Definition
S/S = BP (low), Vitals (heart rate fast)
Check: color of skin (pale), cap refill (>3 sec to refill), skin temp(cold), sensation, circulation
check site itself - inflammation, irrititation
Can apply pressure if site starts to bleed. |
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Term
| What side effects would you monitor if your patient is receiving a diuretic? |
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Definition
SE: Lab results (electrolytes, K+)
VS: Blood pressure |
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Term
| What are the expected results if your client is prescribed to a beta-blocker? |
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Definition
"-lol" = "little old lady" ; given by mouth or IV
Beta- blocker = treats BP
Expected results: decreased BP, Heart rate
*Know patients normal BP before giving medication |
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Term
| What interventions should the nurse take when caring for a patient who has an acute MI? |
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Definition
**MONA**
Give an aspirin, nitroglycerine (vasodilates), morphine (pain), oxygen
Diagnostic test:EKG (compare to past EKG)
Education for hx of acute MI:
Aspirin, Nitroglycerine (3 in a row,every 5-10min?)
Can be angina, want to teach patient what to look for |
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Term
| What are the onset and peak times of Regular and NPH insulin? |
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Definition
Regular- Onset/15-30 min Peak/2-4 hrs
NPH- Onset/1-2 hrs, Peak/8 hrs
EX/ Pt is given reg insulin at 10:00am, what time would patient see sugar drop? Answer- Between 12 and 2pm |
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Term
| What are S/S of sleep apnea? |
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Definition
Fatigue (all day exhausted), LOUD snoring
*Due to decreased oxygen to the brain |
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Term
When giving a hypertensive med to a patient, when would you hold the drug?
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Definition
BP: <100 systolic <60 diastolic (unless this is normal BP)
<60 diastolic would question giving metopolol
*Check both arms for BP to ensure there is no error |
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Term
| What are the diagnostic tests related to heart failure? |
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Definition
Kidney functions, ECHO cardiogram, ultrasound of heart
chest x-ray (check for fluid in lungs), BNP (tells if pt is in fluid overload) |
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Term
| What would you teach your client who was prescribed a corticosteroid? |
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Definition
Long acting, control inhaler
Teach patient to take 2x a day as prescribed (controls breathing) - better than taking oral corticosteroids
It will not help if cant breathe, need rescue inhaler (dont want patient to use often)
Can get thrush (rinse mouth) |
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Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of L sided heart failure and R sided heart failure? |
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Definition
Left sided = S4, Left leads to Right side
Right sided = S3, JVD, edema |
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Term
| Why should a patient take an anticoagulant after a prosthetic heart valve? |
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Definition
Anticoagulant - prevents clot formation
Pt needs to take it every day for life, otherwise could have a stroke
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Term
| When performing a neurological assessment, what would you expect to find if your client is hypoxic? |
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Definition
Confused, irritable, anxious
** fighting for air** |
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Term
| What diet restrictions would you teach your client who is diagnosed with hypertension? |
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Definition
| Low sodium diet, avoiding frozen dinners, canned food |
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Term
| When drawing up glargine, NPH, and Regular: What would you teach your patient regarding the proper way to draw up the medication? |
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Definition
*Give SQ, "RN"
Can mix regular NPH and Regular
**Draw up reg to 5units, then 10 units of NPH=15 total units
Glargine (cant be mixed!)-need a separate syringe to give
Pt will give himself/herself two pricks. If see patient combining all three meds - need to educate.
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Term
| What complications can a patient develop who is non-adherent to their diabetic regimen? |
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Definition
3 Ps = Polyurea, polydysea, polyphagia
hyper/hypo glycema, mental status altered, renal problems, ulcers at feet
Can result in amputation if non-adherent
**Vision blurred= Retinopathy**
**Peripheral neuropathy= Fingers, toes** |
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Term
| What are abnormal readings you may see on a client's EKG? |
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Definition
MI= Q Wave - heart attack
ST elevation- emergent treatment of MI, Need to put in stent within 15 min
Triponin levels - see if there's an upward trent over 12 hrs
CKMB levels- measure muscle breakdown levels. Want level to be low. |
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