Term
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Definition
| excessive saliva related to Nausea |
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Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal cravings (soap, dirt, Ice, etc) - Linked to Anemia |
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Term
| SE of Hyperemesis gravidarum |
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Definition
| weight loss, ketonemia, electrolyte imbalance |
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Term
| Basis Respiratory changes in pregnancy |
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Definition
| “More tidal volume (air in & out), Less total lung capacity, Mild resp alkalosis” |
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Term
| What happens to respiratory mucus secretions in pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Mucosal hyperemia (incr blood flow) → congestion and increase secretions (feels like you have a cold) |
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Term
What happens to the following hematologic components during pregnancy?
Maternal Plasma Volume -
Red Cell Mass -
Erythrocyte Volume -
WBC Count -
Platelet Count -
Coagulation - |
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Definition
Maternal Plasma Volume - Increases
Red Cell Mass - increases (causing "physiologic anemia")
Erythrocyte Volume - Increases
WBC Count - slight increase
Platelet Count - slight decrease
Coagulation - Hypercoaguable |
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Term
What cardiovascular changes occur in pregnancy to the following components?
Cardiac Volume -
Systemic Vascular Resistance -
Stroke Volume -
HR -
Mean Arterial Pressure -
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance -
Blood Flow - |
|
Definition
Cardiac Volume - Increase
Systemic Vascular Resistance - Decrease
Stroke Volume - Increase
HR - Increase
Mean Arterial Pressure - slight increase
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance - Decreases
Blood Flow - Increases |
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|
Term
What changes occur to the following urinary components during pregnancy?
Kidneys -
Bladder -
Renal Plasma Flow -
Serum Cr/BUN -
Renin Activity -
Glucose Excretion - |
|
Definition
Kidneys - Enlarged
Bladder - Size Decreases
Renal Plasma Flow - Increase (Increase in GFR)
Serum Cr/BUN - Decrease
Renin Activity - Increased (by 10 fold)
Glucose Excretion - Increase |
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Term
| What hormone can lead to back pain during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Relaxin and progesterone cause ligament laxity |
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Term
| When does the pubic symphysis separate? |
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Definition
| 28 - 30 weeks of gestation |
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Term
| What happens to serum Ca and PTH during pregnancy? How does this affect the Skeletal System, GI system and the Renal System? |
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Definition
| Maternal total serum calcium decreases with resultant increase in maternal parathyroid hormone that causes Bone turnover increases, but there is not usually a loss of overall bone density and helps to increase gastric absorption and decrease renal losses |
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Term
| What type of varicosities are common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the fasting glucose level during pregnancy? Why? |
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Definition
| fasting glucose level is lower than that in the nonpregnant state because the feto-placental unit serves as a constant drain on maternal glucose levels |
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Term
| What happens to plasma cortisol levels in pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Estrogen increases plasma corticosteroid-binding globulin resulting in increased plasma cortisol levels |
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Term
| What happens to tissue response to insulin during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| reduced tissue response to insulin |
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Term
| What does the Bishop score assess? What score means labor will occur spontaneously? What score means induction of labor will less likely to be initiated successfully? |
|
Definition
Cervical Favorability
>9 - Labor will occur spontaneously and induction will be successful
< 5 induction less likely to be successful |
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Term
| What does the first stage of labor begin with? end with? |
|
Definition
begins with cervical effacement and dilation
ends with complete dilation |
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Term
| What does the second stage of labor begin and end with? |
|
Definition
begins with complete dilation
ends with birth of baby; pushing phase |
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Term
| What does the third stage of labor begin with? end with? |
|
Definition
begins with delivery
ends with delivery of the placenta |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cervical shortening during labor - expressed in a % |
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Term
| How is cervical dilation measured? |
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Definition
| determine by placement of 1-2 fingers in the cervix and assessing diameter of the opening |
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Term
| Term meaning distance in centimeters between the lowest bony portion of the fetus and the maternal ischial spines |
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Definition
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Term
| What is "Engagement" synonymous with? |
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Definition
| zero station (midway btwn ischial spines) |
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Term
| What is the six "classic" movements of a fetus during labor? |
|
Definition
1 - Descent
2 - Flexion
3 - Internal Rotation
4 - Extension
5 - External Rotation
6 - Expulsion |
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Term
| During which phase of labor can narcotic pain relief be used? Why should it be used with caution? How can the effects of narcotics be reversed? |
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Definition
| Narcotics used during normal latent phase |
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Term
| Why should Narcotics be used with caution for pain relief during labor? How can the effects of narcotics be reversed? |
|
Definition
Used with caution because they can cause respiratory distress in the fetus
Reversed using naloxone |
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Term
| Which narcotic is most commonly used to treat pain during labor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of pain reliever for labor is described as Constant or intermittent local anesthesia and/or narcotic through a small catheter placed into the lumbar epidural space? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where is the paracervical block used for anesthesia during labor injected? |
|
Definition
| 3 and 9 o’clock into cervix |
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Term
| Fetus movement during labor described as head engaged, moves below level of ischial spines? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Fetus movement during labor described as head moves down, chin tucks toward chest to present smallest aspect of head to birth canal |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Fetus movement during labor described as occiput of head moves from transverse position toward symphysis |
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Definition
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Term
| Fetus movement during labor described as top of head reaches perineum, occiput extends so that it follow curve of the pelvic |
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Definition
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Term
| Fetus movement during labor described as head rotates back to its original orientation to the left or right (and to line up with the spine) |
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Definition
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Term
| Fetus movement during labor described as delivery of the shoulders and body |
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Definition
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Term
| Which degree of perineal tear is described as break in skin or mucosa only? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which degree of perineal tear is described as laceration that extends into the submucosa? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which degree of perineal tear is described as involves anal sphincter, partial or full-thickness? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which degree of perineal tear is described as extends through sphincter into rectal mucosa? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which degree of perineal tears do not need to be repaired? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of episiotomy is associated with the highest risk of a third- and fourth-degree laceration and the subsequent risk of anal incontinence, but offer protection against lacerations of the anterior perineum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of episiotomy is associated with less rate of sphincter and rectal injuries, but is more painful? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are the indications for an episiotomy? |
|
Definition
Occiput posterior presentation
Shoulder Dystocia
Operative Vaginal Delivery |
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|
Term
| During an episiotomy, how many layers need to be closed? What are the 4 layers? |
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Definition
| 4 layers: vagina, deep perineum, subcutaneous tissue, subcuticular suture |
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Term
| What are the maternal indications for a C-section? |
|
Definition
Prolonged second stage
Maternal exhaustion
Serious health conditions in which the mother would benefit from a foreshortened labor |
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Term
| What are the fetal indications for a C-Section? |
|
Definition
Sudden fetal bradycardia
Placental abruption
Prolapsed umbilical cord |
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Term
| What is an APGAR scores intention? |
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Definition
| intended to guide newborn resuscitation |
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Term
| What is the average newborn weight? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average newborn length? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average newborn temp range? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average newborn pulse? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average newborn respiration rate? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal newborn glucose level? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal newborn Hgb level? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal newborn WBC level? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is universally screened for in newborns, that if not caught and reversed can cause mental retardation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are babies at extreme weights often screened for? |
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Definition
| hypoglycemia and/or polycythemia |
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|
Term
| What is the treatment for mastitis? |
|
Definition
| dicloxacillin, cephalosporins, erythromycin (if PCN allergy) |
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|
Term
| Which drugs should not be used by nursing mothers? |
|
Definition
Illicit drugs
Radiopharmaceuticals
Some psychotropic drugs, such as lithium
Chemotherapy agents |
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