Term
| When should cardiac enzymes be tested? |
|
Definition
| If there is a suspicion of myocardial injury |
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Term
| Which enzyme is present in heart, brain and skeletal muscle, released in blood when muscle is damaged? Which subtype of this enzyme is specific to the heart muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does CK-MB appear after heart injury? When do the levels peak? How long is it present in the blood? |
|
Definition
| appears within serum 6-12 hours; peaks around 24 hours; and returns to normal in 3-4 days |
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Term
| Which enzyme is unique to heart muscle and highly concentrated in cardiomyocytes making it useful for the evaluation of small infarcts and later in the course of an MI? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does Troponin become detectable in the serum? How long does it remain detectable in the serum? |
|
Definition
| Detectable in serum within 1-3 hours and remains for 14-15 days |
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Term
| Which enzyme is the most valuable indicator of MI? Why? |
|
Definition
| Troponin; because it is SPECIFIC to heart and LASTS the longest! |
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Term
| Which enzyme is found in striated muscle, is released by damage to skeletal or cardiac muscle and is the first to become elevated after an MI? |
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Definition
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Term
| How quickly does elevation of Myoglobin occur? When do the levels peak? When do the levels return to normal? |
|
Definition
| Rises fast (2 hours) after myocardial infarction; Peaks at 6 - 8 hours; Returns to normal in 20 - 36 hours |
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Term
| Which enzyme is found in heart muscle, skeletal muscle, liver, erythrocytes, kidney, and some neoplasms and is increased in over 90% of myocardial infarctions? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does lactic dehydrogenase begin to rise? When does it peak? When does it return to normal? |
|
Definition
Begins to rise 24 hours
Peaks in 3 days
Returns to normal in 8-9 days |
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Term
| Which test records electrical activity of the heart? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Which test provides information regarding cardiac rate, rhythm, and evidence of ischemia or infarction? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Which test provides information about the condition of the heart, and lungs? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Which test provides information regarding heart size, pulmonary vasculature, calcification, heart failure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a widely employed technology to evaluate arrhythmias in which a patient is connected to EKG over period of 24 hours? |
|
Definition
| Ambulatory Cardiac Monitor (aka Holter Monitor or Event Monitor) |
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Term
| Which test is a noninvasive technique to examine the heart to provide information about its position, size, movement of valves, chambers and velocity of blood flow? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When is an echocardiogram indicated? |
|
Definition
suspected valve or chamber disturbances
evaluation of pericardial effusion
To measure EF |
|
|
Term
| What type of echo can you perform to determine if regurgitation is present? |
|
Definition
| Doppler Echo with tagged RBCs |
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|
Term
| Which study helps to get a real clear picture of the Left side of the heart and is also good for looking for evidence of the mitral valve dx? |
|
Definition
| Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) |
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|
Term
| What test measures the efficiency of the heart during a dynamic exercise stress period? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When is a stress test indicated? |
|
Definition
| Suspicion of ischemia or physiologic mechanism underlying cardiac symptoms |
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Term
| Which test helps examine the size and thickness of the chambers of the heart, and determine the extent of damage caused by a heart attack or progressive heart disease? (Hint: Not readily used as it doesn't truly have much application to date) |
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Definition
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Term
| Which test uses radiolabeled RBCs are injected into patient, EKG signals camera to take images at different points in cardiac cycle? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What test gives information about cardiac output, ejection fraction, velocity and wall motion abnormalities? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of tilt testing? |
|
Definition
| To help identify cause of syncope |
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|
Term
| If patient exhibits syncope during tilt test maneuvers, what is the assessment reached? |
|
Definition
| it is assessed to be neural mediated and not cardiogenic |
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|
Term
| What is the indication/purpose of Electrophysiologic studies? |
|
Definition
| To detect and analyze arrhythmias and their origins; Helps to differentiate different arrhythmias and efficacy of therapy |
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Term
| Which test is described as invasive testing to assess patient hemodynamics and perform coronary angiography? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When is a cardiac catheterization performed? |
|
Definition
| suspected myocardial ischemia, and/or valvular abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| What is the best test to obtain information on patients peripheral vascular disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should a Swann-Ganz catheter be used? |
|
Definition
| diagnosis shock, monitor hemodynamics in critically ill patients |
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|
Term
| What does a swann-ganz catheter measure? |
|
Definition
| Measures pressures in each side of the heart |
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