Term
Adrenergic Stimulants (beta-2 agonists)
Long acting (long-term control or maintenance) |
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Definition
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Term
Adrenergic Stimulants (beta-2 agonists)
Short acting or Rescue
(act within minutes; duration 4-6 hrs) |
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Definition
Albuterol (Proventil)
Metaproterenol (Alupent) |
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Term
| Adrenergic Stimulants (beta-2 agonists |
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Definition
| Use cautiously in patients with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dysrhythmias, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes.Wait 1-2 minutes between puffs—allows second dose to reach more distal airways. |
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Term
Anticholinergics
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) |
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Definition
Used as long term control or maintenance inhaler
May cause dry mouth
Use cautiously in patients with glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy |
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Term
Methylxanthines (sometimes referred to as Xanthines)
Theophylline (Theo-Dur)
Aminophylline (Somophyllin)— |
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Definition
Central nervous system stimulants
Not as widely used; narrow margin of safety and high potential of toxicity
Drug can be monitored by drug serum levels
Metabolism of drug differs widely in each individual
Example: Cigarette smoking can increase metabolism of drug
Administer with meals
Monitor for toxicity—cardiac dysrhythmias, seizures |
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Term
Anti-inflammatory Agents Corticosteroids
Triamcinolone Acetonide (Azmacort)
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solumedrol)—IV
Prednisone (Deltasone)-PO |
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Definition
Used for long term prevention and for acute episodes—will not relieve acute episode.
Administer after bronchodilators are given to increase coverage into distal airways
Assess for side effects: hoarseness, sore throat, yeast infections
Rinse mouth after using inhaler
Preferred administration MDI or DPI minimize systemic absorption and decreases adverse effects
Can also be given systemically in acute attack |
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Term
Leukotriene Modifiers
Montelukast (singulair) |
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Definition
Used for long-term management
Given 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
Monitor liver enzymes
Can effect metabolism of warfarin sodium (Coumadin) |
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Term
Mast Cell Stabilizers
Cromolyn sodium (Intal) |
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Definition
| Used for long-term management |
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