Term
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Definition
No insulin production
Insulin dependent
At risk for Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)
More common in younger people
Onset rapid
Cam be brought on by Virus or toxin
Thirst, polyuria, polyphagia, fatigue, weight loss |
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Term
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Definition
Usually overweight
Usually older than 35, but there is an increase in younger children
Onset insidious
Insulin resistance, decreased insulin production, alterations in production of adipokines
Fatigue, recurrent infections or possiblaly no symptoms |
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Term
Hypoglycemia
Clinical Mainfestations |
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Definition
Insulin reaction or low blood sugar
Cold clammy skin
Numbness of fingers, toes, mouth
Rapid heartbeat
Emotional changes
Headache
Nervousness, tremors
Faintness, dizziness
Unsteady gait, slurred speech
Hunger
Changes in vision
Seizures, coma |
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Term
Hyperglycemia
Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
Elavated Blood glucose
Increased urination
Increased appetite followed by lack of appetite
Weakness, fatigue, blurred vision
Glycosuria
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal Cramps
Progression to DKA or HHS |
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Term
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Definition
Illness, Infection
Corticosteroids
Too much food
Too little or no diabetes Medication
Inactivity
Emotional, physical stress
Poor insulin absorption |
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Term
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Definition
Alcohol intake without food
Too little food
Too much diabetic medication
Too much exercise without compensation
Diabetes medication taken at the wrong time
Loss of weight without change in medication
Use of Beta-Blockers interfering with recognition of symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
Get medical care
Continue diabetes medications as ordered
Check blood glucose frequently and check urine for ketones. Record results
Drink fluids on an hourly bases |
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Term
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Definition
Immediately injest 15g of simple carbs recheck Blood sugar
Injest another 15g of simple carbs in 15 min if no relief obtained, recheck b/s
Contact health care provider if no relief obtained
Discuss mediction dosage with healthcare provider
1mg of glucagon administered by IM or Subcutaneous
Call 911 |
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Term
Hypergylcemia
Preventive measures |
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Definition
Take prescribed dose od med at proper time
Accurately administer insulin/OA
Maintain diet
Maintain good personal hygiene
Adhere to sick-day rules when ill
Check blood glucose as ordered
Contact health care provider regarding ketonuria
Wear a diabetic identification |
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Term
Hypogycemia
Preventative measures |
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Definition
Take prescribed dose od med at proper time
Accurately administer insulin/OA
Ingest all recommended foods at proper time
Provide compensation for exercise
Recognize and know sypmptons and treat them immediately
Carry simple carbohydrates
Educate family and caregiver about symptoms and treatment
Check blood glucose as ordered
Wear diabetic identification |
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Term
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Definition
Diabetic acidosis and diabetic coma
Caused by profound deficiency of insulin
Characterized by hyperglcemia, ketosis, acidosis, and dehydration
Precipitating factors include illness infection, inadequatw insulin dosage, ndiagnosed type 1 DM, poor self-management, and neglect |
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Term
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Definition
| Dehydration signs( poor skin tugor, dry mucous membranes), tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, with a week rapid pulse, vomiting,Kussmaul respirations, sweet fruity order of acetone on breath |
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Term
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic syndrome
HHS |
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Definition
| Life threating syndrome in pts. who is able to produce enough insulin to prevent DKA, but not enough to prevent sever hyperglycemia, osmotic diuresis and extracellular fluid depletion |
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Term
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Definition
Often in pts> 60
Common causes are infection of uninary tract, pneumonia, sepis, any acute illness, newly diagnosis type 2 diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
Around 3 AM Nocturnal growth hormone may elevate GLucose in tyoe 1 diabetic
Corrected by changing time of intermediate-acting insulin to bedtime instead of dinnertime. |
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Term
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Definition
Pt becomes hypoglycemic during the night. Compensatory mechinism to raise glucose levels are activated and result in overcompensation.
Corrected by decreasing evening dose of intermediate-acting insulin or eating a more substantial bedtime snack. |
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