Term
| What are the types of transplants? |
|
Definition
Autograft
Heterograft (Xenograft)
Allograft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tissue that is donated by, and grafted to,
the same person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| donation between members of the same species |
|
|
Term
What is a Heterograft (Xenograft) |
|
Definition
| donation between members of different species |
|
|
Term
What are the diffrent types of donors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two groups of Cadaveric donors? |
|
Definition
Cardiac death-not best for organ donnors but tissue are still good.
Brain death- main organ donnors |
|
|
Term
What are the cardinal findings in brain death |
|
Definition
i. Coma
ii. Cranial reflexes
iii. Apneic |
|
|
Term
| What qualifys a pt as being in a coma |
|
Definition
no responses to stimuli
Glasgow < 8 |
|
|
Term
| What Cranial reflexes are checked? |
|
Definition
pupillary reflexes- CN 3- PERRLA
Oculocephalic- CN 3,4,5- turn head eyes should look opisit
Oculovestibular- CN 8- cold water in ear should caus nystagmus
Pharyngeal and Tracheal- CN 9,10- cough or gag reflex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pt is removed from resp. suport to see if they have any drive to breath.
falure to atempt is a + apnea test |
|
|
Term
| How is brain death confirmed |
|
Definition
cerebral angiography
electroencephalogram
transcranial doppler ultrasound
technetium-99 brain scan
samatosensory evoked potentials
|
|
|
Term
| What is the first step to organ and tissue donation? |
|
Definition
obtain consent- done by physician or IORS team.
Nurse checks to see it is in the chart |
|
|
Term
| What factors increas the likelyhood the family will consent to organ donation |
|
Definition
donation is not requested at the same time that death is declared
requestor is perceived as sensitive to their needs
they are approached in private, quiet place |
|
|
Term
What is done to help Organ Preservation |
|
Definition
Keep Pt Hemodynamic stability
Ventilation maintained
Fluid and Electrolyte balance
Body temperature maintained
|
|
|
Term
When a pt is told they are getting a new kidney you should expect them to be energetic and joyful in the time leading up to the surgery.
True or False? |
|
Definition
False
many pts go through a grieving process/ depression when told they are going to recive a new organ ,or shortly after surgery |
|
|
Term
| When is bleeding from the sight of the transplant most likely to occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of compication after a transpant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the types of rejection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is Hyperacute rejection |
|
Definition
occurs in minutes to hours of transplant
this should not occur with proper tissue typing
results in the admediat failure of the organ
most often fatal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occures days to months after transplant
host vs graft- most common type
prevented by immunosuppressants
gradded 1-4. 4 most severe |
|
|
Term
| What is chronic rejection |
|
Definition
rejects over years, eventually leads to organ failure
can fluctuates from grade 1-4
|
|
|
Term
What Health problems post-transplant are usually secondary to immunosupression |
|
Definition
Infection
Organ dysfunction
Malignancy
Medication induced problems |
|
|
Term
What is Induction therapy |
|
Definition
initial immunosuppression after surgery
higher doeses
Typically IV meds |
|
|
Term
What is Maintainance therapy
|
|
Definition
routine drugs
usaly 2-3 types
weened to the lowest does possible |
|
|
Term
What is Anti-Rejection therapy
|
|
Definition
high does of meds for acute phases of rejection
in hospital and IV meds
will go back to maintainence does
|
|
|
Term
Why will a transplant pt recive Corticosteroids |
|
Definition
| used for maintainence and anti-rejection |
|
|
Term
| What are the common effects of Corticosteroids on the CNS |
|
Definition
- anxiety, mood swings, insomnia, and headache.
|
|
|
Term
| What are the common effects of Corticosteroids on the GI |
|
Definition
- nausea, vomiting, increased appetite, weight gain, and dyspepsia.
|
|
|
Term
| What are the common effects of Corticosteroids on the Endocrine system |
|
Definition
- hyperglycemia, menstrual irregularities, suppression of pituitary ACTH release,
|
|
|
Term
| What are the common effects of Corticosteroids on the skin |
|
Definition
- acne, delayed healing of wounds
|
|
|
Term
| What are the common effects of Corticosteroids on infection |
|
Definition
| Increased susceptibility to infections |
|
|
Term
| What are the common effects of Corticosteroids with long term use |
|
Definition
| can lead to Cushingoid characteristics such as buffalo hump, moon face and trance obesity. May also see loss of muscle mass and thinning extremities. |
|
|
Term
| What are the common effects of Corticosteroids on lippipid levels |
|
Definition
- Hyperrlipidemia and thrombus formation may occur with long-term therapy.
|
|
|
Term
| What are the common effects of Corticosteroids on papathyroid function |
|
Definition
| increased parathyroid activity and calcium loss from bones which increase risk of osteoporosis |
|
|
Term
| What are the common effects of Corticosteroids on bone |
|
Definition
increase risk of osteoporosis
May suppress bone growth |
|
|
Term
prednisone should be given with food or an antacid.
True or False? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Your pt is going to recive prednisone. You need to teach him about the S/S of acute adrenal insufficiency.What are the S/S
|
|
Definition
| anorexia, hypoglycemia, lethargy, restlessness |
|
|
Term
What is an example of a Calcineurin Inhibitor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why would your transplant pt be on Calcineurin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In transplant pts you will typlicaly see Calcineurin Inhibitors given with Antimetabolites.
True or False
|
|
Definition
False
They use one class or the other for maitainence therapy |
|
|
Term
When would your pt need Antibody therapy
|
|
Definition
| for induction or anti-rejection therapy |
|
|
Term
| What type of cells do monoclonal drugs attack |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cells do polyclonal drugs attack |
|
Definition
| all forms of T lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| What pretreatment needs to done when giving monoclonal and polyclonal meds? |
|
Definition
anti-pyretic
anti-histamine
anti-emetic |
|
|
