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Mechanical Waves and Sounds
Chapter 17 of Prentice Hall's Physical Science Concepts in Action
41
Physics
9th Grade
04/16/2015

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Term
Mechanical Wave
Definition
disturbance in matter that carries energy from one place to another
Term
Medium
Definition
meterial through which a wave travels
Term
Crest
Definition
highest point of the wave above the rest position
Term
trough
Definition
lowest point below the rest position
Term
Transverse Wave
Definition
wave that causes the medium to vibrate at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels
Term
compression
Definition
area where the particles in a medium are spaced close together
Term
rarefaction
Definition
area where the particles in a medium are spread out
Term
longitudinal wave
Definition
wave in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels
Term
surface wave
Definition
wave that travels along a surface separating two media
Term
periodic motion
Definition
any motion that repeats at regular time intervals
Term
period
Definition
time required for one complete cycle
Term
frequency
Definition
number of complete cycles in a given time
Term
hertz
Definition
frequency is measured in this
Term
wavelength
Definition
distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next cycle of the wave
Term
amplitude
Definition
maximum displacement of the medium from its rest position
Term
reflection
Definition
occurs when a wave bounces off a surface that it cannot pass through
Term
refraction
Definition
bending of a wave as it enters a new medium at an angle
Term
diffraction
Definition
bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or passes through a narrow opening
Term
interference
Definition
occurs when two or more waves overlap and combine together
Term
Constructive Interference
Definition
occurs when two or more waves combine to produce a wave with a larger displacement
Term
Destructive Interference
Definition
occurs when two or more wave combine to produce a wave with a smaller displacement
Term
Standing Wave
Definition
wave that appears to stay in one place
Term
Node
Definition
point on a standing wave that has no displacement from the rest position
Term
Antinode
Definition
point where a crest or through occurs midway between two nodes
Term
sound waves
Definition
longitudinal waves - compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium
Term
intensity
Definition
rate at whicha wave's energy flows througha given area
Term
decibel
Definition
unit that compares the intensity of different sounds
Term
loudness
Definition
physical response to the intensity of sound, modified by physical factors
Term
pitch
Definition
frequency of a sound as you perceive it
Term
sonar
Definition
technique for determining the distance to an object under water
Term
Doppler Effect
Definition
a change in frequency caused by motion of the sound source, motion of the listener, or both.
Term
Resonance
Definition
is the response of a standing wave to another wave with the same frequency
Term
A wave is created when...
Definition
a source of energy causes a vibration to move through a medium
Term
Three types of waves
Definition
Longitudinal, transverse, and surfave waves
Term
A wave's frequency equals what?
Definition
the frequency of the vibrating source producing the wave
Term
A energy of a wave increases...
Definition
amplitude increases
Term
Reflection does not change what? but can what?
Definition
does not change the speed or frequency of a wave, but the wave can be flipped upside down
Term
Why does Refraction occur?
Definition
it occurs because one side of a wave moves more slowly than the other side
Term
2 types of interference
Definition
constructive and destructive
Term
A standing wave forms only if...
Definition
the length of a vibrating cord is a multiple of one half wavelength
Term
When does a wave diffract more?
Definition
if its wavelength is large compared to the size of an opening or obstacle
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