Term
|
Definition
constructed by professional test makers
administered to a representative sample of people
from the population for which the test is intended.
fixed procedures, fixed scoring, thus all examinees with an equal opportunity to respond to the questions or items according to their abilities.
They usually have norms. |
|
|
Term
| The dimensions in a table of specifications for achievement tests |
|
Definition
two-way table of specifications. In preparing, the behavioral objectives (i.e., knowledge of terminology) to be assessed are listed as row headings..
content objectives as column headings (i.e.,preparations, construction).
Then the descriptions of specific items falling under the appropriate row and column headings are written in the body (cells) of the table. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
students mature and share information on test-taking skills.
some aspects of testwiseness can be taught. (That’s why we have practice tests for the SAT, GRE, etc.!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the extent to which an assessment measures what it was designed to measure
Four types of validity:
are representative of the entire domain or universe of skills, understandings and other behaviors that a test is designed to measure. |
|
|
Term
| The nature of intelligence and how it is measured |
|
Definition
genetic and environment
Stanford Binet ma/ca x 100, weshcler, ect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
All Children are above average” from Ga 70% of students, 90% of the 15,000 school districts in the US and all 50 states were scoring above the average norms on norm referenced achievement tests administered in elementary schools.
consequence of the tests not being normed often enough. Another is that it is caused by teachers coaching students on test questions, allowing them more time to take the tests, even altering completed answer sheets. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| many criticized intelligence tests as being biased toward middle-class Western culture. I The goal was modified to that of developing a culture-fair test of intelligence; efforts are made to use only items related to experiences common to a wide range of cultures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individual intelligence test designed specifically for adults, has child version |
|
|
Term
| DSM-IV criteria for mental retardation |
|
Definition
| Significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
70 or below
Concurrent deficits or impairments in present adaptive functioning in at least two of the following areas; communication, self-care, home living, social-interpersonal skills, use of community resources self-direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health, and safety.
The onset is before age 18. |
|
|
Term
| Cooley’s “looking –glass” theory |
|
Definition
people shaping themselves based on other people's perception, which leads the people to reinforce other people's perspectives on themselves.
The looking-glass theory is that some people tend to adapt their behavior and self-perceptions to how they believe they are perceived by others.
Consider the self fulfilling prophecy theory |
|
|
Term
| Factors to be considered in the testing of young children |
|
Definition
lack motivation and fatigue easily.
reliabilities between such tests and measurements taken in older childhood and adolescence are generally low since infant and early childhood abilities are more changeable.
In addition the primary sensorimotor tasks given to infants and preschoolers are very different form the more mental types of tasks given to older children.
Despite this, infant intelligence tests are useful in screening for mental retardation, developmental delay and organic brain disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general loss of abilities due to organic factors |
|
|
Term
| visuoconstructive disorders |
|
Definition
| difficulty constructing objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neglecting one half of one's visual field |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ranges from having difficulty remembering words to being completely unable to speak, read, or write. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
refers to an acquired reading disability, where reading ability had previously been developed, usually occurring in adulthood
dyslexia" refers to developmental reading disability. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a deficiency in the ability to write, primarily in terms of handwriting, but perhaps also in terms of coherence.
It occurs regardless of the ability to read and is not due to intellectual impairment. |
|
|
Term
| Common test score distributions |
|
Definition
Mode; the score obtained by the largest number of people.
Median; the middlemost point. The score below which half the scores fall.
Mean- The mean is the average of the numbers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extent to which individuals believe that they can control events that affect them
igh internal locus of control have better control of their behavior, tend to exhibit more political behaviors, and are more likely to attempt to influence other people.
nternal (meaning the person believes that they control their life) or external (meaning they believe that their environment, some higher power, or other people control their decisions and their life |
|
|
Term
| Measures of nonverbal behavior |
|
Definition
| Any communicative behavior that does not involve making word sounds or signs. It includes movements of large (macrokinesics) and small (microkinesics) body parts, interpersonal distance or territoriality (proximics), tone and rate of voice sounds (paralinguistic’s) and communications imparted by culturally prescribed matters relating to time, dress, membership and the like (culturics). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| request people to respond to an unstructured stimulus (inkblot, blank paper, sentence stem). Interpreting the stimulus allows them to project aspects of themselves into their response. Proponents claim that this accesses deeper aspect’s of a person’s functioning that the person may not be aware of. It is often thought that more ambiguity increases the possibility that more and deeper aspects of the person will be projected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measure study content correctly
ie. content validity study that informs researchers how items used in a survey represent their content domain, how clear they are, and the extent to which they maintain the theoretical factor structure assessed by the factor analysis.
degree to which the content of a measure correlates with the construct it is being used to measure. For example, a measure of some aspect of personality that did not incorporate many dimensions of that aspect of personality would have low content validity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
based validity on the hand is external, in that it indicates how highly the measure in question correlates with other external measures.
Can alternately be referred to as Instrumental Validity. The accuracy of a measure is demonstrated by comparing it with a measure that has been demonstrated to be valid. In other words, correlations with other measures that have known validity. For this to work you must know that the criterion has been measured well. And be aware that appropriate criteria do not always exist. What you are doing is checking the performance of your operationalization against a criteria. criteria =predictive or concurrent validity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| represents a collection of behaviors that are associated in a meaningful way to create an image or an idea invented for a research purpose. Depression is a construct that represents a personality trait which manifests itself in behaviors such as over sleeping, loss of appetite, difficulty concentrating, etc. The existence of a construct is manifest by observing the collection of related indicators. Any one sign may be associated with several constructs. A person with difficulty concentrating may have A.D.D. but not depression. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| operationalization’s ability to predict what it is theoretically able to predict. The extent to which a measure predicts expected outcomes. |
|
|
Term
| Discrimination index of test validity |
|
Definition
| The discrimination index is a basic measure of the validity of an item. It is a measure of an item's ability to discriminate between those who scored high on the total test and those who scored low. T This index can be interpreted as an indication of the extent to which overall knowledge of the content area or mastery of the skills is related to the response on an item. Perhaps the most crucial validity standard for a test item is that whether a student got an item correct or not is due to their level of knowledge or ability and not due to something else such as chance or test bias. .30 |
|
|
Term
| discrimination index of reliability |
|
Definition
The generic name for consistency is reliability. Reliability is an essential characteristic of a good test.
Reliability measures are concerned with determining the degree of inconsistency in scores due to random error.
We should strive to write tests that yield reliability coefficients of at least .70. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acquired loss of ability to write or coherence of writing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Grouped into 10 or so categories according to content. Yielded three kinds of deviation IQ’s; Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale.
The pattern of subtest scaled scores on the Wechsler tests analyzed with the hope of yielding clinical information that might be useful in the diagnosis of certain personality characteristics and disorders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
you can use the Wechsler scores to find clues about your child's strengths and weaknesses. By understanding the IQ scores and subtests on the Wechsler, you will have a clearer understanding of your child's abilities on a variety of intellectual tasks
The pattern of subtest scaled scores on the Wechsler tests analyzed with the hope of yielding clinical information that might be useful in the diagnosis of certain personality characteristics and disorders.
used commonly to test ADHD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reading disability
dyslexia" refers to developmental reading disability. |
|
|
