Term
| How many L of blood in body? how much is plasma? how much is cells? |
|
Definition
5 L total
3 L plasma
2 L cells |
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Term
| what is the other name of WBC? what is their primary purpose? |
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Definition
| leukocytes. act to phagocytosis |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are normal WBC count for infants/adult males/ adult females |
|
Definition
infants = 9000 to 30,000
adults = 5000 - 10,000 |
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Term
| what WBC and neutrophil values indicate immunosuppression? |
|
Definition
wbc = <1000
neutrophils = <500 |
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Term
| how many wbc (leukocyte count) when leukocytosis is an issue? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what WBC count indicative of leukopenia? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what WBC counts are indicative of "CLINICAL ALERT"? |
|
Definition
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Term
| what are dietary/pharmacologic no-no's for someone with leukopenia? |
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Definition
no fresh fruit/veggies
no NSAIDS |
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|
Term
| what a re neutrophilia and neutropenia levels? (#) |
|
Definition
neutrophilia is >8000
neutropenia is < 1800 |
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Term
| what is the normal number of lymphocytes? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| lymphocytosis values in adults and children? |
|
Definition
adults = >4000
children = >7200 |
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|
Term
| lymphopenia in adults/children (#s) |
|
Definition
adults = <1000
children = <2500 |
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|
Term
| RBC count, Hgb count, and HCT count in men vs women |
|
Definition
RBC: men = 4.7-6.1; women = 4.2-5.4
Hgb: men = 14-18; women = 12-16
HCT: men = 42-52; women = 37-47 |
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Term
|
Definition
% volume of RBC in packed cell volume (PCV)
significant in anemia and polycythemia |
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Term
| what happens with incr HCT? and what % value indicates spontaneous bleeding? |
|
Definition
erythrocytosis, shock with hemoconcentration.
hct > 60% --> spontaneous clotting of blood |
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|
Term
| what happens with decreased Hct? |
|
Definition
leukemia, anemia
hct<20% --> cardiac failure/death |
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|
Term
importance of hemoglobin?
what ml of O2 value? |
|
Definition
oxygen carrying capacity of blood is directly related to Hgb
1.34 ml of o2/gram of Hgb |
|
|
Term
| what is CaO2? normal values? |
|
Definition
oxygen carrying capacity of blood
normal values = 16-22 ml O2/dl of blood
benchmark is 20 |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what Hgb count is indicative of heart failure and death? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what can happen with increased hgb? (>20gm/dL) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what value of platelets is indicative of thrombocythemia? clinical symptoms? |
|
Definition
>1000 platelets
epistaxis, GI bleed, bleeding gums |
|
|
Term
| what is normal time for activated partial thromboplastin time? (APTT) |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a poor time for ATPP and what are the consequences? |
|
Definition
>100 seconds
spontaneous bleeding |
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|
Term
| if person is on heparin, what are the normal values for ATPP? |
|
Definition
2-2,5 times the normal value, so
50-88 seconds |
|
|
Term
| what is normal prothrombin time? (PT) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| at what INR should you notify physician? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
where is HDL formed? what does it do?
how does it increasE? normal values? |
|
Definition
HDL formed in liver, carries excess cholesterol back to liver for removal (about 25%)
INCREASES WITH EXERCISE, MODERATE etoh, AND INSUIN
>60 ideal, > no risk, <35 high risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high risk >160
low risk < 130
*carries 75% of cholesterol away from liver to other areas like arterial walls |
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|
Term
| ideal triglyceride values |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used to determine cardiac risk
low risk <3.0
high risk >6 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low risk 3.3-4.4
high risk >11 |
|
|
Term
| what CK % in myocardium (CK MB) correlates with MI? |
|
Definition
| >5% CK MB correlates with MI |
|
|
Term
| what enzyme should you be aware of for an acute MI? |
|
Definition
troponin. normal value is 0.2 ug/mL
as a clinician, request two tropinin level tets. if both abnormal, request permission to work with patient |
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|
Term
| wht diseases are associated with HLA? |
|
Definition
| MS, AS, MG, graves, JRA, polymyalgia rheumatica (effectively treated with tapering dose of steroids) |
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|
Term
normal urine volume in 24 hours
criteria for oliguria |
|
Definition
normal = 600-2500 ml/24 hrs
oliguria = <200 ml/24 hr |
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|
Term
| name a contraindication after thoracentesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
expiratory reserve volume
measure of max exertion
normal 1000 mL
reduced in restrictive disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vital capacity
normal is 4-6 L
80% of total lung capacity
decr in both obstructive and restrictive dx |
|
|
Term
| what are normal/abnormal FEV1 values? |
|
Definition
no obstruction = > 2 L
mild to mod obstruction = 1-2 L
severe obstruction = <1 L |
|
|
Term
FEV1 %
what is normal FEV1 / FVC? |
|
Definition
>75%
restrictive = >80-90%
obstructive = <70% |
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|
Term
ABCs (arterial blood gases)
what can theymeasure? |
|
Definition
ventilation
O2 transport
acid-base data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pH=7.35-7.45
PaCO2= 35-45 mmHg
PaO2= 80-100 mmHg
HCO3= 22-26 mEq/L
O2 sat= 95-100% |
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|
Term
|
Definition
pH < 7.25 or >7.55
PaCO2 <20 or >60
PaO2 < 40 mmHg
HCO3 < 15 or >40 mEq/L
O2 sat < 90% |
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|
Term
| why is Iron important? how is absorption regulated? |
|
Definition
Irons role in metabolism is to produce hemoglobin
absorption is regulated by the protein transerrin, which is synthesized in the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a major iron storage protein
most reliable indicator of total body iron stores |
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|
Term
why is vit B12 important and where does it comr from
what are normal adult values? |
|
Definition
B12 needed for RBC production. comes from animal protein
normal adult values = 100-700 pg/ml |
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|
Term
| normal folic acid (folate) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| K+ values (infant, child, adult) |
|
Definition
infant = 4-5
child = 3.5-4.5
adult = 3.5-5 |
|
|
Term
| Na+ values infant child adult |
|
Definition
infant = 134-150
child = 136-145
afdult = 136-145 |
|
|
Term
| Cl- values infant/child/adult |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ca2+ values infant, child, adult |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
<6 mg/dl --> tetany and convulsions
>13 --> cardiotoxicity and arrhythmias and coma
50% of calcium is protein bound and 50% is ionized at any given time (bound to albumin) |
|
|
Term
| what is the chief base of the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most succeptible organ to Na+ changes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
<120 = weakness
90-95 = neurologic sxs
> 155 --> cardio and renal sxs
>160 --> heart failure |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most succeptible organ for K+? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most succeptible organ for K+? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what levels of K+ is therapy contraindicated?
medical emergency? |
|
Definition
<3.2 and > 5.1
<2.8 or > 6.2 |
|
|
Term
| where are Na and K located cellulary-wise? |
|
Definition
K+ is intracellular
Na+ is extracellular |
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|
Term
what is normal fasting glucose? upper limit?
what is considered low BG and why dangerous? |
|
Definition
normal is 80-90 mg/dl
upper limit is 110
low is <20-50 (hypoglycemic shock) |
|
|
Term
| what is pre-diabtetes level? |
|
Definition
fasting glucose of 100-125
or OGTT of 140-200 mg/dL |
|
|
Term
| what is primary organ of glucose balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ADA recommendations fo HbA1C |
|
Definition
if >8%, action taken
DM under control if <7%
each 1% in HbA1C = 30 mg/dl change in glucose |
|
|
Term
| exercise considerations for someone with neuropathy |
|
Definition
| avoid increase in SBP > 30 mmHg above rest, no valsalva, keep SBP total <180 mmHg, keep RT to <70 % 1RM and HR <85% HRmax |
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