Term
| Control mechanism can be what? |
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Definition
| Physical, chemical, or a combination of both |
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Term
| What are physical methods? |
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Definition
- Heat
- Irradiation
- Filtration
- Mechanical removal
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Term
What are Chemical methods?
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Definition
Chemical method use a variety of anti microbial chemical which depends on
1. the circumstances
2. the degree of control required |
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Term
| Reasons for controling bacteria growth are what? |
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Definition
- infectious disease
- food spoilage
- transmission of food- borne illness
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Term
|
Definition
- The removal of all microorganisms
- completely free of microcrobes, viruses, and endospores
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Term
| How is sterilization achieved? |
|
Definition
- Filitration
- Heat
- irradition
Physical methods!
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|
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Term
|
Definition
- eliminate most pathogens
- BUT some viable microbes do exist
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Term
| What are disinfectants used on? |
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Definition
- inanimate objects and surface
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Term
| What are antiseptics used on? |
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Definition
| Antiseptics are used on living tissue. |
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Term
|
Definition
| heat treatment used to redue organisms that cause food spoilage. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Treatment used to reduce pathogens to a safe level |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to decrease the number of microbes in an area -- especially on the skin |
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Term
|
Definition
- Used to delay spoilage of perishable items
- Uses the additions of growth- inhibiting ingredients
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Term
|
Definition
- agents that kill vegetatative cell but not endospres
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Term
|
Definition
- Agents that prevent or retard the multiplication of bacteria but do not necessarily kill cells
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Term
| Sterilants and Sporocides |
|
Definition
| Disinfectants that kills endodpores |
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Term
| In daily life what is the most imprtant step to achieveing microbial control? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Soap acts as what and aids? |
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Definition
| It acts as a wetting agent and aids in mechanical removal of microorganisms by removing numerous organisms from the outer layer of the skin. |
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Term
| Why is not normal flora not affected by hand washing? |
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Definition
| Because it in deeper layers of the skin |
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Term
| Pathogens are most likely to be found in where? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Why do numerous organism develop antimicrobial resistance? |
|
Definition
| Because they are exposed to high concentrations of antibiotics |
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Term
| What do insturmnet go through in order to avoid intorducing infection deep tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the microbiology laboratory, what eliminates unwanted organism in growth? |
|
Definition
| Assptic technique and sterile media |
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Term
| What is used to prevent contamination in Microbiology lab? |
|
Definition
| Biological safety cabinets |
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Term
| Food quality is enhanced through the convention of What? |
|
Definition
| Microbial growth and contamination |
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Term
| In food how is the prevention of microbial growth and contamination achieved? |
|
Definition
| through physical removal and chemical destroying of the organisms |
|
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Term
| True or false irradiation can treat some food. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What ensures that drinking water is safe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is generally used to disinfect water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one of the organisms that is not easily eliminated with chlorination? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The selection of an antimicrobial procedure depends on what factors |
|
Definition
- Type microbe
- Extent of contaminantion
- enviroment
- Risk of infection
- Composition of infected item
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|
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Term
Bacterial endospores
(resistant microbes) |
|
Definition
| Resistant to heat, drying and numerous chemicals |
|
|
Term
| Protozoan cyst and oocytes |
|
Definition
| Generally excreted in feces and causes diarrheal disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell wall structure initiates resitance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can grow in presence of many chemical disinfectants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More resistant to chemical killing |
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Term
| The time it takes to kill a colonyis directly conected to.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Time required to kill 90% of the population under specific conditions |
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Term
| What decreases time to reach disinfection or sterilization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What influences the effectiveness of antimicrobial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What specific things can increase or decrease effectiveness? |
|
Definition
- PH
- temperature
- presence of organic materials
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Term
| How does organic material decrease effectiveness? |
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Definition
| it can interfer with the penetration of the antimicrobial agent |
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Term
| How are medical items catergorized ? |
|
Definition
According to their potential risk of disease transmission
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Term
| Critical items are needle and scalpels. Why? |
|
Definition
| Because they come in contact with the body tissue |
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|
Term
| Semi critical medical items do what? |
|
Definition
Come in contact with mucous membrane but do not penetrate
Ex : an endoscope. |
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Term
|
Definition
Items that contact unbroken skin only and show little risk of transmission
Ex: stethoscope |
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Term
| Why is composition important? |
|
Definition
| Because some methods are inapproriate for certain items |
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Term
| What is the most useful for microbial control and why? |
|
Definition
| Heat treatment is because it is fast reliable, safe and inexpensive. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Moist heat breaks down in to |
|
Definition
Boiling
Pasturization
Pressurized steam |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| destroys most microorganisms and viruses. BUT IS NOT an effective means of sterilization because it does not destroy endospores. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Does NOT sterilize but significantly reduces organisms. It is used to increase the shelf life of food |
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Term
|
Definition
| High Temp Short time is when an organism is heated to 72 C and held for 15 seconds |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| UHT is when the temp is held at 140-150C and held for several seconds and then cooled rapidly |
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Term
|
Definition
| The preferred method of sterilization. |
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|
Term
| What temp and time is used for pressured steam sterilization |
|
Definition
| 121C and 15 psi in 15 min |
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|
Term
| WHat does flash auto clave sterilize at? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are Prion ( abnormal cellular protien) destroyed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is better dry heat or moist heat? Why? |
|
Definition
moist because dry heat requires longer time with higer tempsQ
200cFOR 1.5 HOURS
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
| method of dry heat sterilization that oxidizes the cell into ashes. |
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|
Term
| Heat sensitive material must undergo what type of methods? |
|
Definition
- filtration
- irradiation
- High-pressure treatment
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses energy released from waves based on the wavelength and frequency |
|
|
Term
| radiation can break down into two categories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strips electrons from atoms |
|
|
Term
| What does ionizing radiation damage? |
|
Definition
| Dna and potentially the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
| in ionizing radiation endosprores are completely ridded of. |
|
Definition
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