Term
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Definition
| Ordered sequence of events in which a cell duplicates its chromosomes and divides into two. |
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Term
| Why is it significant to study the cell cycle? |
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Definition
| Loss of control of the cell cycle eventually leads to cancer. |
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Term
| What's different about the cells in the G1, S, or G2 stage of the cell cycle? |
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Definition
| The chromosomes are partially condensed. |
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Term
| What are the key regulators of the Cell Cycle? |
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Definition
| Cyclin (the regulatory component) and Cdk (a cyclin-dependent protein kinase) |
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Term
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Definition
| MPF is the maturation promoting factor or the mitosis promoting factor. |
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Term
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Definition
| cyclin and a protein kinase such as Cdk. |
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Term
| Does MPF activity need to go up or down for mitosis to begin? |
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Definition
| MPF activity needs to go up for mitosis or meiosis to begin. |
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Term
| Does MPF activity need increase or decrease for mitosis/meiosis to exit? |
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Definition
| MPF activity needs to decrease for mitosis/meiosis to end. |
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Term
| What other kinase helps determine the entry and exit of mitosis/meiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes Cyclin important? |
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Definition
| Cyclin is required for the activity of cdk. It also has a short half life. |
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Term
| What does protein ubiquitination require? |
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Definition
| It needs a activating enzyme (E1), conjugating enzyme (E2), and a ligase (E3). |
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Term
| Why is E3 ligase important? |
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Definition
| It is respsonsible for high substrate specificity observed in protein ubiquitination. |
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Term
| How is the ubiquitination transferred? |
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Definition
| ubiquitination is transferred from E1 to E2 to E3. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anaphase-promoting complex |
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Term
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Definition
| With the mitotic cyclin destruction box. |
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Term
| What needs to bind to the mitotic cyclin destruction box? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It is determined by Cyclin B level? |
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Term
| In what form is APC generated? |
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Definition
| APC is generated in its inactive form in order to regulate its function. |
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Term
| What does APC need to bind to be active? |
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Definition
| It needs to bind to Cdh1 to be active. |
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Term
| What does cdc2 phenotype represent? |
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Definition
| It expresses the size of the cell. |
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Term
| The recessive expresses what phenotype? Dominant? |
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Definition
| The recessive allele will lead to a enlongated cell. The dominant cell leads to premature cell division. |
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Term
| What three proteins are used to regulate Cdk activity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Deficit of Cdc25 or Wee1 leads to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Deficit of Wee1 or excess of Cdc25 leads to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Phosphorylation of nuclear lamins by mitotic Cdk leads to what? |
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Definition
| nuclear-envelope breakdown. |
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Term
| What happens when mutant mRNA encoding nondegradable cyclin B is used in anaphase? |
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Definition
Chromatids segregate but they do not condense.
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Term
| Give one example of redundant cells |
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Definition
| Cin1, cin2, cin3 are redundant cells. |
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Term
| What proteins are part of the CIP family? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cdks and cyclins regulate M phase? |
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Definition
| Cyclin A-CDK1 and Cyclin B-CDK2. |
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Term
| Which cdks and cyclins regulate G1 phase? |
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Definition
| Cyclin D-CDK4 and Cyclin D-CDK6 |
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Term
| Which cdks and cyclins regulate G1 to S phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cdks and cyclins regulate S phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do cells in the G0 phase lack? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is required for transition from G1 to S Phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| E2F can promote synthesis of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Activation of E2F is required for... |
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Definition
| G1 to S phase transition. |
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Term
| E2F activity is inhibited by what tumor supressor gene? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyperphosphorlyation causes what to E2F. |
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Definition
| Causes E2F to deactivate. |
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Term
What are the important checkpoint proteins in cell-cycle regulation?
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to most of the cells with WT p53? |
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Definition
| Most of the cells are stuck in G1 and G2 phase. |
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Term
| What happens to p53- mutant cells? |
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Definition
| Cells get arrested in G2, but not G1. |
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Term
| What regulates the amount of p21? |
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Definition
| p53 regulates the amount of p21 |
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