Term
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Definition
| The ability of cells to move from one site to another site. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of making blood vessels around tumors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indefinite cell growth. A loss of cell cycle inhibitors. |
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Term
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Definition
| The loss of normal cell growth control. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gene whose products have the ability to transform eukaryotic cells so that they grow in a manner analogous to tumor cells. |
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Term
| What is a Proto-oncogene? |
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Definition
| Normal cellular genes known to be progenitors of oncogenes. |
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Term
| What is a tumor-suppressor gene? |
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Definition
| genes that encode proteins that inhibit the progression of tumors. |
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Term
| What does a translocation do? |
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Definition
| A translocation can lead to the inappropriate expression of the gene or the generation of a fusion gene. |
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Term
| Chemical damage to DNA can lead to... |
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Definition
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Term
| How can the chances of cancer increase? |
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Definition
| With age and can increase with inherited mutations. |
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Term
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Definition
| The time is takes for critical genes to mutate. Older people have a greater chance for cancer because they have a greater chance of those genes to be mutated. |
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Term
| What type of retinoblastoma is found in younger kids? How many somatic mutations does it take? |
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Definition
| Hereditary retinoblastoma. One somatic mutation can lead to this change. |
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Term
| Give an example of a oncogene? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tyrosine kinase is regulated by an ocogenic mutation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What protein can control cell proliferation, which is good for cell growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Translocation of what can lead to Burkitt's lymphona? |
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Definition
| Translocation of c-myc from chromosome 8 to 14 can lead to Burktit's lymphoma due to increase generation of c-myc. |
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Term
| Name a cyclin/CDK inhibitor that inhibits cell proliferation. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the cell during apoptosis? |
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Definition
| Cytoplasm framents, Apoptoic bodies are picked up by phagocytic cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| They have a cystenine in their active site and cleave their target proteins at specific aspartic acids. |
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Term
| In what form is the capase in? Why is it formed in that state? |
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Definition
| It is formed in its inactive state (procapase). This is done to regulate its function. |
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Term
| What proteins are important in apoptosis from teh BCL-2 family? |
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Definition
| Bc1-2, Bcl-2, Bax, and Bak. |
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Term
| What comes out of the mitochondria and bine to the Apaf 3 adapter. |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to procapase 9 after cytochrome C binds to Apaf adapter? |
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Definition
| It matures through cleavage, and helps lead to the cleavage of procapase 3, eventually leading to apoptosis. |
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Term
| What will excess Bcl-2 due to apoptosis? |
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Definition
| Too much Bcl-2 will prevent apoptosis because the excess Bcl-2 will bind to the Bax channels, prevent cytochrome c from entering the cytoplasm |
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Term
| What is the important protein in cell cycle regulators in oncogenesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What needs to happen to p53 for it work? |
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Definition
| It needs to form trimers. |
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Term
| What protein binds to the p53 translocation-activation domain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What post-translational modifications are done to regulate p53? |
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Definition
| Phosporylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. |
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Term
| How does MDM2 contorl p53? |
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Definition
| It can repress the transcriptional activity of p53. |
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Term
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Definition
| p53 can regulate the cell cycle by regulating p21 and apoptosis by regulating Bax. |
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Term
| What are the conventional cancer therapies? |
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Definition
| Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. |
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Term
| Name some potential new therapies. |
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Definition
| Gene therapy, antibodies, specific inhibitors, and targeting cancer stem cells. |
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Term
| Why have some therapies failed? |
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Definition
| Because therapies intend to kill the other cancer cells and not the stem cancer cells. |
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