Term
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Definition
Is the scientific study of life.
* The scientific method is used to study everything. |
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Term
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Definition
BIOS - meaning life
LOGOS - meaning discourse or study |
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Term
| Know the 6 properties and processes that all life share and be able to explain what each means. |
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Definition
Six properties/processes of life:
All living things:
1. Are organized
2. Acquire materials and energy
3. Maintain homeostasis
4. Respond to their environment
5. Reproduce and develop
6. Adapt |
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Term
| How are living things organized? |
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Definition
Organized from largest/more complex to smallest or least complexed:
1.Organism
2. Organ System
3. Organ
4. Tissue
5. Cell
6. Molecule
7. Atoms |
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Term
| 1. Biological Organization |
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Definition
1. Each level builds upon and is more complex than the previous level.
Tip:
1. Nonliving materials can be taken apart but are still the same material
2. Take apart living “material” and it is no longer the same functioning “material” |
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Term
2. Acquire materials and energy
(Living Things Acquire Materials & Energy) |
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Definition
Need for a source of nutrients and energy are required for life.
Tip:
Must eat in order to get energy.
Tip:
Food provides nutrients, which are used to make energy |
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Term
3. Maintain homeostasis
(Living Things Maintain Homeostasis) |
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Definition
Ability to maintain “biological balance” (favorable conditions) at which they operate at a optimum level
Tip:
Life requires maintaining certain:
Temperature
Moisture level
Acidity |
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Term
4. Respond to their environment
(Living Things Respond) |
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Definition
1. Must be able to interact with:
* Other living things
* Environment
2. Response often involves movement
* Plant leaves turn toward the sun
* Vultures can detect a carcass a km away
3. Appropriate responses ensure survival of organism
4. Organisms display various and complex behaviors |
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Term
5. Reproduce and develop
(Living Things Reproduce & Develop) |
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Definition
1. All living things reproduce
A. Simple – split in two (like bacteria)
B. Complex – produce eggs and sperm – pass on genetic information
2. Development means the movement through various stages to become mature |
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Term
6. Adapt
(Living Things Adapt) |
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Definition
| Adaptations are modifications that make organisms better suited to their environment |
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Term
| What is the lowest level of structure that can perform all the activities required for life? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Cells are the structural and functional units of life.
2. Cells are the lowest level of structure that can perform all the activities required for life. |
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Term
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Definition
Are comprised of cells.
A. Cell comprise all of the tissues, organs and organ systems of complex organisms.
B. Some organisms are “just” one cell
* Bacteria
* Amoebas
Tip:
Still carry out all the processes required for life |
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Term
| All Living Organisms have DNA & Genes |
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Definition
A. Regardless of how reproduction occurs, organisms have DNA
B. DNA contains the information and instructions for, to name a few, metabolism, organization, development, to become you
C. Genes are the units of organization of DNA
During reproduction, genes are passed on to offspring
D. Amazingly, mutations occur in DNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Every other organism.
For example:
They eat the plants
OR
Eat the animals that eat the plants
OR
Both – like us (humans) |
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Term
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Definition
Ability to maintain “biological balance” (favorable conditions) at which they operate at a optimum level
For example:
Life requires maintaining certain:
Body temperature, Moisture level (water), and Acidity (blood level).
Tip: Biology balance is important in order for things and life.
Our blood: pH ~ 7.4 – changes can be life threatening
pH: 7.0 = acidosis
pH: 7.8 = alkalosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Discipline of science that identifies and groups organisms according to certain rules. |
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Term
| Know the Levels of Classification listed in Table 1.2. |
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Definition
Category Human Corn
Domain Eukarya Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia Plantae
Phylum Chordata Anthophyta
Class Mammalia Monocotyledones
Order Primates Commelinales
Family Horminidae Poaceae
Genus Homo Zea
Species Homosapiens Zeamays |
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Term
| Know the 3 Domains of Life. |
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Definition
1. Archaea: prokaryotic
2. Bacteria: prokaryotic
3. Eukarya: eukaryotic |
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Term
| Know the proper way to write a species’ name using binominal nomenclature. |
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Definition
1. The specific name of an organism (lease inclusive) has 2 parts: Genus and species
2. Always italicized (or underlined if handwritten)
Ex: Homo sapiens, Escherichia coli
May be abbreviated: H. sapiens, E. coli |
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Term
| Know the levels of organization of the Biosphere and what is included in each level. |
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Definition
1. Ecosystem
2. Community
3. Population
4. Individual Organisms |
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Term
| Know the steps of the Scientific Method and how to use them in an example. |
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Definition
1. Observation
2. Hypothesis
3. Experiment
4. Analysis
A. Do results support hypothesis (accept or reject)?
5. Conclusion |
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Term
| Where does energy come from? |
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Definition
1. Ultimately: the sun.
2. Plants (and some other organisms) capture the energy from the sun. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the process that transforms solar energy into chemical energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a discipline that studies the evolutionary relationships between organisms |
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Term
| Binominal Nomenclature Additional Info |
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Definition
A species is referred to by the full binomial name (Genus species)
* First word is the genus name
* Second word is the specific epithet
(Refers to one species (of potentially many) within its genus). |
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Term
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Definition
A. Modern taxonomists use the following classification:
1. Species
2. Genus – one or more species
3. Family – one or more genera
4. Order – one or more families
5. Class – one or more orders
6. Phylum – one or more classes
7. Kingdom – one or more phyla
8. Domain – one or more kingdoms |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack a membrane bound nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Have a membrane bound nucleus that protects the DNA. |
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Term
| Define Binominal Nomenclature. |
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Definition
| Is the universal naming system used by scientists. |
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Term
| Domain Archaea description. |
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Definition
* Prokaryotic cells of various shapes
* Adaptations to extreme environments
* Absorb or make food (photosynthesis)
* Unique chemical characteristics |
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Term
| Domain Bacteria description. |
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Definition
* Prokaryotic cells of various shapes
* Adaptations to all environments
* Absorb or make food (photsynthesis)
* Unique chemical characteristics |
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Term
| Domain Eukarya description. |
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Definition
* Unicellular and multicellular organisms
* Cells with a membrane-bounded nucleus
* Sexual reproduction is common |
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Term
| Domain Eukarya Contains four kingdoms. |
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Definition
1. Kingdom Protista
2. Kingdom Fungi
3. Kingdom Plantae
4. Kingdom Animalia |
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Term
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Definition
| Are all the ecosystems on Earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Are all living organisms in a particular area. |
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Term
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Definition
| All groups of difference species living together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Are all the individuals of particular species. |
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