Term
| 1. Which of the following is a defense mechanism of the colon? |
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Definition
C. sloughing cells
D. dense resident microbiota |
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Term
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Definition
| D. binds an essential nutrient required by the bacterial cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| B. can make the environment unfavorable for pathogens to grow. |
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Term
| 4. Which of the following statements about neutrophils (or PMNs) is true? |
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Definition
A. PMNs contain surface receptors that bind the Fc region of some antibodies.
B. PMNs can move toward the infection site by sensing the concentration of a certain complement cleavage component
D. PMNs can be found in the blood and tissues.
E. PMNs are part of the innate host defenses. |
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Term
| 5. A bacterium that produces an enzyme which degrades complement component C6 would most likely impair which of the following host defense responses? |
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Definition
| C. Lysing of the bacterial cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A. is where bone marrow stem cells undergo somatic recombination to generate T cell receptors |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about antibodies is FALSE? |
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Definition
| D. A specific antigen triggers B cells to undergo DNA rearrangements to produce antibodies that react with that specific antigen. |
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Term
| 8. Which of the following statements about IgM is FALSE? |
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Definition
| . IgM is usually made in high concentrations during the secondary response. |
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Term
| 8. Which of the following statements about IgM is true |
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Definition
A. IgM is similar to IgA in that both can bind to a J chain.
B. IgM that binds to a toxin, might prevent that toxin from acting at its target cell.
C. IgM is good at agglutination because the pentamer form has 10 antigen binding sites.
D. IgM is very efficient at activating complement. |
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Term
| 9. An antibody is similar to a T cell receptor (TCR) in that both |
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Definition
| A. are composed of two different types of chains. |
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Term
| 10. An MHC class II molecule |
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Definition
| D. can bind a peptide, and then interact with a CD4 glycoprotein and a specific TCR. |
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Term
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Definition
A. occurs after B cell activation.
B. involves deletion of DNA that encodes one or more constant domains. |
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Term
| 12. The sequence of amino acids composing the antigen binding site of an antibody is determined by |
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Definition
A. random joining of V, D and J DNA segments encoding the heavy chain.
B. random joining of V and J DNA segments encoding the light chain.
C. addition or deletion of nucleotides between rearranged DNA segments.
D. somatic hypermutations.
E. All of the above are corrrect. |
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Term
| 13. Which of the following can happen to a mature B cell that gets activated? |
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Definition
| B. somatic hypermutations |
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Term
| 14. Which of the following statements regarding CD8+ T cells is FALSE? |
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Definition
| C. CD8+ T cells can cause cells to undergo apoptosis in a contact independent mechanism. |
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Term
| 15. Which of the following antibodies is bound at the test line (via the Fc region) in the home pregnancy test described in class? |
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Definition
| B. Antibodies that bind the hormone. |
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Term
| 16. Which group of microbes does NOT contain any members that cause infectious diseases? |
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Definition
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Term
| 17. Which of the following would make it difficult to prove that a particular microorganism is responsible for a particular disease by using Koch's postulates? |
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Definition
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Term
| 18. Which of the following statements related to diphtheria is TRUE? |
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Definition
| A. Diphtheria is caused by a certain Corynebacterium species that is infected by a bacteriophage. |
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Term
| 19. Which of the following statements about antigenic shift by influenza virus is FALSE? |
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Definition
| C. Antigenic shift occurs in "B" type influenza viruses. |
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Term
| 20. Which of the following statements about vaccines used to protect against Streptococcus pneumoniae is TRUE? |
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Definition
| E. One of the pneumococcal vaccines provides B cell epitopes and T cell epitopes that help elicit a good immune response against the pathogen. |
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Term
| 21. A person infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
| E. does not always produce a large area of induration (greater than 10 mm in diameter) in a skin test. |
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Term
| 22. Why is it difficult to produce a vaccine for the common cold? |
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Definition
| D. There are hundreds of different viruses and antigenic types that cause the common cold. |
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Term
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Definition
| C. can bind nonspecifically to MHC molecules and T cell receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| E. can grow in small intestinal epithelial cells. |
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Term
| 25. Rotavirus is similar to influenza virus in that both |
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Definition
| B. can undergo reassortment. |
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Term
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Definition
| C. produce an A-B type toxin that is structurally different from diphtheria toxin. |
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Term
| 27. Which of the following statements about Listeria monocytogenes is true |
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Definition
B. The pathogen is similar to IgG in that both can cross the placenta.
C. The pathogen can break out of a phagosome using a hemolysin.
D. The pathogen can be motile with and without flagella.
E. The pathogen can grow in foods at refrigerator temperatures. |
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Term
| 28. A type III secretion system |
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Definition
| B. requires physical contact between the bacterial cell and the eukaryotic cell to function. |
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Term
| 29. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) |
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Definition
| B. is more similar to enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) than to enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). |
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Term
| 30. Malabsorptive diarrhea |
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Definition
A. can be cause by certain viral and bacterial pathogens.
B. may be caused by destruction of villi or microvilli. |
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