Term
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Definition
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Locations: lining of blood and lymph vessels, lining of ventral cavities, portions of kidney tubules, inner lining of cornea, alveoli of lungs
Functions: rapid diffusion(permeability), reduce friction |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| how are epithelial tissues classified |
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Definition
| based on degree of layering and shape of cells on outer layer |
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Term
| epithelial tissue characteristics |
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Definition
| cellularity(tight cell junctions-very little ECM), polarity (apical and basal surfaces), attachment (basal lamina/basement membrane), avascular (few blood vessels), regeneration (high rates of turnover), layers (for stratified) |
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Term
| connective tissue subtypes |
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Definition
PROPER//LOOSE( areolar, adipose, reticular) PROPER//DENSE( regular, irregular, elastic)
SUPPORTING connective tissue: CARTILAGE( hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage) &BONE; Fluid connective tissue (blood, lymph) |
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Term
| connective tissue functions |
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Definition
binds, supports, and protects other tissues and organs
establish structural framework, protect organs, support and interconnect tissues, store energy reserves, thermally insulate body, transport fluids and dissolved materials, defend against pathogens |
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Term
| connective tissue composition |
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Definition
| cells, protein fibers, ground substance |
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Term
| epithelial tissue subtypes |
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Definition
| SIMPLE(squamous, cuboidal, columnar, pseudo stratified columnar) STRATIFIED (squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional) |
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Term
| epithelial tissue functions |
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Definition
| covers body and organ surfaces, lines body cavities and organ cavities, forms some glands, physical protection, control permeability, provide sensations, produce specialized secretions |
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Term
| epithelial tissue composition |
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Definition
| tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix |
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Term
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Definition
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Locations: outer surface of skin, lining of mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus and vagina
Functions: protection against physical abrasions, pathogens, chemical injury from exposure to "outside" environment
2 types: keratinized( dead superficial cells) and nonkeratinized |
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Term
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Definition
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Locations: glands(endocrine/exocrine), parts of kidney tubules, thyroid gland
Functions: secretions of hormones and other solutions |
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Term
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Definition
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Locations: linings of some ducts of sweat glands and mammary glands
Functions: secretion of exocrine fluids like sweat and breastmilk |
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Term
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Definition
Simple columnar epithelium
Locations: stomach lining, intestinal lining, uterine tubes
Functions: absorption(primarily digestive) and secretion of mucus
can be ciliated or not but slides will be NONcillated |
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Term
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Definition
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Locations: salivary gland ducts, urethra
Functions: protection because it's stratified, and secretion of saliva |
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Term
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Definition
Pseudo stratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Locations: lining of nasal passages, trachea, and bronchi
Functions: protection- cilia trap particles
have oval looking GOBLET CELLS-- looks stratified but not actually |
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Term
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Definition
Transitional Epithelium
Location: urinary bladder, ureters
Function: allows expansion and recoils upon stretch
our slides relaxed
has epithelial cell, then binucleated cell, then basement membrane |
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Term
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Definition
Function: Connect and Protect
2 classes: Loose- more ground substance and fewer fibers; Dense- more fibers and less ground substance |
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Term
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Definition
Areolar Connective tissue (loose)
Properties and functions: highly vascularized, contains both collagen and elastic fibers, cushion organs, provides support but allows movement, defense (contains phagocytic cells)
Locations: deep dermis of skin, beneath epithelial lining of GI tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, between muscles, covers blood vessels, nerves, and joints |
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Term
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Definition
Adipose connective tissue (loose)
Properties and functions: provides padding, cushions shocks, insulator (thermal), storage of energy
Locations: deep to the skin, breasts, buttocks, padding around kidneys, abdominal region |
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Term
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Definition
Reticular connective tissue (loose)
Properties and functions: provides supporting framework (contains reticular fibers)
Locations: liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
Dense regular connective tissues
properties and functions: poorly vascularized, mostly fibers with few ground substance, tightly packed with a lot of collagen fibers, site of attachment for bones to muscles, reduce friction between muscles, stabilize relative positions of bones
Locations: tendons (muscle to bone attachments), ligaments (bone to bone attachments) |
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Term
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Definition
dense irregular connective tissues
Properties and functions: provides strength and reduces forces from multiple directions, helps prevent over expansion of organs (urinary bladder), contains collagen fibers
Locations: periosteum (covering of bone), perichondrium (covering of cartilage), dermis of skin, urinary bladder |
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Term
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Definition
Elastic connective tissues (dense)
properties and functions: stabilization permits contraction/expansion of organs, contain elastic fibers
Locations: ligaments between vertebrae, ligaments supporting penis, trachea, vocal chords, aorta |
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Term
| Supportive Connective Tissue |
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Definition
Properties: strong framework, few cells, fibrous matrix, mature cells (chondrocytes), in lacunae (cavity)
function: support and shape
two types: cartilage and bone |
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Term
| Cartilage characteristics |
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Definition
| no innervation, avascular, surrounded by perichondrium |
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Term
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Definition
Hyaline cartilage (supportive)
properties and function: provides stiff but flexible support, reduces friction between bony surfaces (joints)
Locations: covering bone surfaces at synovial joints (knee, elbow, hip, shoulder), structures of respiratory tract (larynx, trachea, bronchi), anterior portion of nose |
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Term
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Definition
Fibrocartilage (supportive)
Properties and function: resists compression, prevents bone to bone contact and limits movement of vertebral column, contains rows of collagen fibers
Locations: pads in knee joint, pubic symphysis, cartilage of intervertebral disks |
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Term
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Definition
Elastic cartilage (supportive)
properties and functions: tolerates flexion and returns to original shape, contains web of elastic fibers
locations: tip of ear, epiglottis, ear canal |
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Term
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Definition
Blood (fluid connective tissue)
functions: transport nutrients, wastes, and defense cells throughout the body
comprised of liquid matrix (plasma) and formed elements (cells or hematocrit- comprised erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) |
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Term
| Lymph (fluid connective tissue) |
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Definition
similar to blood plasma but fewer suspended proteins
functions: carries fluid and lymphocytes( type of leukocyte) to lymph glands and then back to venous system to be recirculated into blood
formed component is primarily lymphocytes |
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Term
| what are bones classified by |
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Definition
| shape, bone markings (surface features, marks), internal tissue organization |
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Term
| shape bone classifications |
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Definition
| long bones, flat bones, irregular bones, short bones |
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Term
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Definition
| long and thin, found in arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers, toes |
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Term
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Definition
| thin with parallel surfaces, found in skull, sternum, ribs, scapulae |
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Term
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Definition
| complex shapes, examples: vertebrae, pelvic bones |
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Term
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Definition
| small and thick, examples ankle and wrist bones |
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Term
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Definition
the bumps, grooves, and holes on bones
are used for muscle attachment, passageways for blood vessels and nerves, support, and movement |
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Term
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Definition
small, flat shallow surface
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
flattened or shallow depression
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
narrow, prominent, ridge like projection
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
angular extension of a bone relative to rest of structure
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
pointed, slender process
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
rounded passageway through a bone
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
large, smooth rounded oval structure
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
prominent, rounded epiphysis
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
projection adjacent to condyle
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
massive, rough projection found only in femur
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
smooth, grooved, pulley-like process
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
small, round projection
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
large, rough projection
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
deep pit or socket in maxillae or mandible
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
any marked bony prominence
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure [image] |
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Term
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Definition
passageway through a bone
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
narrow, slitlike opening through a bone
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
passageway through a bone
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| immature bone cell that secretes osteoid, the organic component of bone matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| multinucleate cell that secretes acids and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix |
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Term
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Definition
Compact bone
locations: shaft of long bones
components include: repeating structural units referred to as osteons (each contains lamellae, canaliculi, lacunae, central canal) |
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Term
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Definition
Spongy bone
Locations: flat bones of skull, ribs, sternum, mandible, head of long bones
structurally not as highly organized as compact bone, composed of fibrous network of trabeculae containing lamellar rings housing osteocytes within lacunae |
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Term
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Definition
| Developing membrane/spongy bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
2 parietal bones, 2 temporal bones, 1 occipital bone, 1 frontal bone, 1 sphenoid bone, 1 ethmoid
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Forms the anterior cranium, upper eye sockets, and the anterior cranial fossa of the cranial floor
Contains frontal sinuses (cavities filled with air)
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
marking of frontal bone-forehead
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| an incomplete supraorbital foramen[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Forms part of the superior and lateral surfaces of the cranium
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
superior and inferior temporal line
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Part of lateral walls of cranium and zygomatic arches
• Articulate with mandible
• Surround and protect inner ear
• Attach muscles of jaws and head |
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Term
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Definition
made of 2 parts: zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone
[image] |
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Term
| Squamous part (temporal bone) |
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Definition
Borders the squamous suture
[image] |
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Term
| Mandibular fossa (temporal bone |
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Definition
Articulates with the mandible
[image] |
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Term
| Zygomatic process (temporal bone |
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Definition
Inferior to the squamous part
• Articulates with temporal process of zygomatic bone
• Forms zygomatic arch (cheekbone)
[image] |
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Term
| Mastoid process (temporal bone |
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Definition
for muscle attachment
[image] |
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Term
| styloid process (temporal bone) |
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Definition
Attachment for muscles of the tongue and larynx
[image] |
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Term
| Petrous part (temporal bone) |
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Definition
protects inner ear
[image] |
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Term
| Carotid canals (temporal bone) |
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Definition
for internal carotid artery
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
For carotid and small
arteries
Auditory tube
[image] |
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Term
| External/internal acoustic meatus |
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Definition
For blood vessels and nerves of the inner ear
Facial nerve
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms the posterior and inferior surfaces of the cranium, forms posterior cranial fossa of the cranium floor |
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Term
| External Occipital Protuberance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| articulate with cervical vertebra C1[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| connects cranial and spinal cavities[image] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
for hypoglossal nerves
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
¢ Part of the floor of the cranium
¢ Unites cranial and facial bones
¢ Strengthens sides of the skull[image] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Saddle-shaped enclosure
• Holds the pituitary gland
[image] |
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Term
| Lesser wings and greater wings |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Muscle attachment
– Medial pterygoid plate
– Lateral pterygoid plate
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
for blood vessels and nerves of the orbit
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
for blood vessels and nerves of the face
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
for blood vessels and nerves of the face
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
for blood vessels and nerves of the jaws
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Forms anteromedial floor of the cranium
¢ Roof of the nasal cavity
¢ Part of the nasal septum and medial orbital wall |
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Term
| cribriform plate (ethmoid) |
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Definition
Floor of the cranium
¢ Roof of the nasal cavity
¢ Contains the cristi galli
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| In the cribriform plate For olfactory nerves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Superior part of the nasal septum
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
The immovable joints of the skull
4 types: Lambdoid, coronal, sagittal, squamous
[image]
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
air-filled spaces spaces in the following skull bones: — ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, parietal and maxillae
Functions: reducing the weight of the skull
— contain mucosal epithelium to help provide immunological protection by guarading entrances to our respiratory passages
— increase resonance during phonation (sound production)
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Support upper teeth
• Form upper jaw and hard palate
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
protects eye and orbit
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
| borders the mouth and supports upper teeth[image] |
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Term
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Definition
form the hard palate (roof of mouth)
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
allows for passage of nerves and blood vessels
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
For sensory nerve to brain
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Form the posterior portion of the hard palate
Contribute to the floors of the orbits
*Has horizontal plate*
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Support the bridge of the nose
¢ Connect to cartilages of the distal part of the nose (external nares)
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
forms inferior portion of bony nasal septum
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
To create air turbulence in the nasal cavity
¢ To increase the epithelial surface area
¢ To warm and humidify inhaled air
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Contribute to the rim and lateral wall of the orbit
¢ Form part of the zygomatic arch
[image] |
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Term
| Temporal and Zygomatic processes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
¢ The smallest facial bones
¢ Form part of the medial wall of the orbit
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
horizontal portion
[image] |
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Term
| mental protuberance (mandible) |
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Definition
attaches facial muscles
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
ascending from the mandibular angle on either side
[image] |
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Term
| Condylar process (mandible) |
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Definition
articulates with temporal bone
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
for attachment of teeth
[image] |
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Term
| coronoid process (mandible) |
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Definition
| insertion point for temporalis muscle (closes the jaws)[image] |
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Term
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Definition
separates condylar and coronoid processes
[image] |
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Term
| Articularsurfacefor temporomandibular joint |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Mylohyoid line (mandible) |
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Definition
attachment site for pharyngeal muscles
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
depression for salivary glands
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
forsensory nerves of lips and chin
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
Supports the larynx
¢ Attaches muscles of the larynx, pharynx, and tongue
only bone in the body that doesn’t articulate with any other bones
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Greater horns and lesser horns (hyoid) |
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Definition
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