Term
| DNase I hypersensitive site |
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Definition
| chromatin region that becomes sensitive to digestion by the enzyme DNase I |
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Term
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Definition
| modification of histone proteins, such as the addition or removal of phosphate groups, methyl groups, or acetyl groups, that encode information affecting how genes are expressed |
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Term
| chromatin-remodeling complex |
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Definition
| complex of proteins that alters chromatin structure without acetylating histone proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA region that contains many copies of a cytosine base followed by a guanine base; often found near transcription start sites in eukaryotic DNA; the cytosine bases in CpG islands are commonly methylated when genes are inactive but are demethylated before the initiation of transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA sequence that blocks or insulates the effect of an enhancer; must be located between the enhancer and the promoter to have blocking activity; also may limit the spread of changes in chromatin structure |
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Term
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Definition
| protein that cooperates with an activator of transcription; in eukaryotic transcription control, coactivators often physically interact with transcriptional activators and the basal transcription apparatus |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex of proteins that is a part of the basal transcription apparatus; transcriptional activator proteins binding to the regulatory promoter make contact with the mediator and affect the rate at which transcription is initiated |
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Term
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Definition
| common DNA sequence found upstream of some groups of eukaryotic genes; a regulatory protein binds to a response element and stimulates the transcription of a gene; the presence of the same response element in several promoters or enhancer allows a single factor to simultaneously stimulate the transcription of several genes |
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