Term
post-transcriptional processing and
regulation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| concept that there is a direct correspondence between the nucleotide sequence of a gene and the continuous sequence of amino acids in a protein |
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Definition
| coding region of a split gene (a gene that is interrupted by genes, by which exons of different genes are exchanged and mixed into new combinations, creating new genes that are mosaic of other preexisting genes) |
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Definition
| intervening sequence in a split gene; removed from the RNA after transcription |
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Definition
| sequence of three nucleotides that encodes one amino acid in a protein |
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Definition
| "leader"; a sequence of nucleotides at the 5' end of the mRNA, does not encode any of the amino acids of a protein |
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Definition
| the protein of mRNA consisting of the nucleotides that specify the amino acid sequence of a protein |
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Definition
| "trailer"; last region of mRNA; a sequence of nucleotides that is at the 3' end of the mRNA and not translated into protein; affects the stability of mRNA and the translation of the mRNA protein-coding sequence |
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Definition
| the addition of an extra nucleotide at the 5' end of the mRNA and methylation by the addition of a methyl group (CH3) to the base in the newly added nucleotide and to the 2'-OH group of the sugar of one or more nucleotides at the 5' end |
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Term
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Definition
| string of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA after transcription |
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Definition
| process by which introns are removed and exons are joined together |
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| one end of the intron; usually with GU |
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Definition
| the other end of the intron; possesses short consensus sequences; usually with AG |
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Definition
| adenine nucleotide in nuclear pre-mRNA introns that lies from 18 to 40 nucleotides upstream of the 3' splice site |
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Definition
| large complex consisting of several RNAs and many proteins that splices protein-encoding pre-mRNA; contains five small ribonucleoprotein particles (U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6) |
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Definition
| looplike structure created in the splicing of nuclear pre-mRNA in which the 5' end of the intron is attached to a branch point in pre-mRNA |
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Term
| alternative processing pathway |
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Definition
| one of several pathways by which a single pre-mRNA can be processed in different ways to produce alternative types of mRNA |
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Definition
| process by which a single pre-mRNA can be spliced in more than one way to produce different types of mRNA |
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Term
| multiple 3’ cleavage sites |
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Definition
| refers to the presence of more than one 3' cleavage site on a single pre-mRNA, which allows cleavage and polyadenylation to take place at different sites, producing mRNAs of different lengths |
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Definition
| secondary structure common to all tRNAs |
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Definition
| sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with the corresponding codon in mRNA in translation |
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Term
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Definition
| the larger of the two subunits of a functional ribosome |
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Definition
| the smaller of the two subunits of a functional ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| small RNAs, typically 21 or 22 bp in length, that are produced by cleavage of double-stranded RNA arising from small hairpins with RNA that is mostly single stranded. The miRNAs combine with proteins to form a complex that binds (imperfectly) to mRNA molecules and inhibits their translation |
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Term
| small interfering RNA (siRNA) |
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Definition
| single-stranded RNA molecule (usually from 21 to 25 nucleotides in length) produced by the cleavage and processing of double-stranded RNA; binds to complementary sequences in mRNA and brings about the cleavage and degradation of the mRNA. Some siRNAs bind to complementary sequences in DNA and bring about their methylation |
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