Term
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Definition
| RNA molecule that is a structural component of the ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| carries the coding instructions for polypeptide chains from DNA to the ribosome; after attaching to a ribosome, an mRNA molecule specifies the sequence of the amino acids in a polypeptide chain and provides a template for joining amino acids |
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Term
| pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) |
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Definition
| larger precursor molecules which are the immediate products of transcription in eukaryotic cells; modified extensively before becoming mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| serves as the link between the coding sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain; each tRNA attaches to one particular type of amino acid and helps to incorporate that amino acid into a polypeptide chain |
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Term
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Definition
| nucleotide strand used for transcription |
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Definition
| nucleotide strand not transcribed |
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Term
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Definition
| a stretch of DNA that encodes an RNA molecule and the sequences necessary for its transcription; includes 3 critical regions: a promoter, an RNA-coding sequence and a terminator |
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Term
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Definition
| a DNA sequence that transcription apparatus recognizes and binds; indicates which of the two DNA strands is to be read as the template and the direction of transcription; determines the transcription start site, the first nucleotide that will be transcribed into RNA |
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Definition
| a sequence of DNA nucleotides that is copied into an RNA molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| a sequence of nucleotides that signals where transcription is to end; usually part of the coding sequence; transcription stops only after the terminator has been copied into RNA |
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Term
| ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTPs) |
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Definition
| substrate of RNA synthesis; consists of ribose, a nitrogenous base, and three phosphates linked to the 5'-carbon atom of the ribose; in transcription, two of the phosphates are cleaved, producing an RNA nucleotide |
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Term
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Definition
| eukaryotic RNA polymerase that transcribes large ribosomal RNA molecules; transcribes pre-mRNA, some snRNAs, snoRNAs, some miRNAs |
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Term
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Definition
| short stretches of common nucleotides; refers to sequences that possess considerable similarity, or consensus; its presence implies that the sequence is associated with an important function |
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Term
| general transcription factor (TFIID) |
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Definition
| protein that binds to eukaryotic promoters near the start site and is a part of the basal transcription apparatus that initiates transription |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| basal transcription apparatus |
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Definition
| complex of transcription factors, RNA polymerase, and other proteins that assemble on the promoter and are capable of initiating minimal levels of transcription |
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Term
| chromatin remodeling enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| consensus sequence (TATAAAA) commonly found in eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters; usually located from 25 to 30 bp upstream of the transcription start site; determines the start point for transcription |
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Term
| TATA-binding protein (TBP) |
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Definition
| a polypeptide; recognizes and binds to the TATA consensus sequence; binds to the minor groove and straddles the DNA as a molecular saddle, bending the DNA and partly unwinding it |
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Term
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Definition
| located immediately upstream of the core promoter; DNA sequence that affects transcription; contains consensus sequences to which transcriptional activator proteins bind |
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