Term
| semiconservative replication |
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Definition
| a process in which each of the original nucleotide strands remains intact (conserved), despite no longer being combined in the same molecule; the original DNA molecule is half conserved during replication |
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Definition
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Definition
| a loop generated by the unwinding of the double helix |
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| Bidirectional replication |
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Definition
| when the forks at each end of the replication bubble proceed outward in both directions, simultaneously unwinding and replicating the DNA |
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Definition
| the enzyme that synthesize DNA; can only add nucleotides at the 3' end of the growing strand |
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Definition
| new strand being synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction and undergoes continuous replication |
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Definition
| replication of the leading strand in the same direction as that of unwinding, allowing new nucleotides to be added continuously to the 3' end of the new strand as the template is exposed |
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Definition
| short lengths of DNA produced by the discontinuous replication of the lagging strand |
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Definition
| breaks the hydrogen bonds that exist between the bases of the two nucleotide strands of a DNA molecule |
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Term
| Single strand binding protein (SSBs) |
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Definition
| an enzyme that stabilizes the single-stranded DNA by attaching tightly to the exposed single-stranded DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesizes short stretches of nucleotides to get DNA replication started; synthesizes a short stretch of RNA nucleotides, which provides a 3'-OH group to which DNA polymerase can attach DNA nucleotides; this is an RNA polymerase |
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Definition
| short stretches of nucleotides that get DNA replication started |
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Definition
| an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between adjacent 3'-OH and 5'-phosphate groups in a DNA molecule |
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Definition
| enzyme that adds or removes rotations in a DNA helix by temporarily breaking nucleotide strands; controls the degree of DNA supercoiling |
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Definition
| ability of DNA polymerases to remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides in the course of replication |
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Definition
| process that corrects mismatched nucleotides in DNA after replication has been completed. Enzymes excise incorrectly paired nucleotides from the newly synthesized strand and use the original nucleotide strand as a template when replacing them |
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Term
| Replication licensing factor |
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Definition
| protein that ensures that replication takes place only once at each origin; required at the origin before replication can be initiated and removed after the DNA has been replicated |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that is made up of both protein and RNA and replicates the ends (telomeres) of eukaryotic chromosomes. The RNA part of the enzyme has a template that is complementary to repeated sequences in the telomere and pairs with them, providing a template for the synthesis of additional copies of the repeats |
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Definition
| the point of unwinding, where the two single nucleotide strands separate from the double-stranded DNA helix |
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Definition
| DNA strand that is replicated discontinuously |
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Term
| discontinuous replication |
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Definition
| replication of the lagging strand in the direction opposite that of unwinding, which means that DNA must be synthesized in short stretches (Okazaki fragments) |
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Term
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Definition
| E. coli topoisomerase enzyme that relieves the torsional strain that builds up ahead of the replication fork |
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