Shared Flashcard Set

Details

MCB 100 Chapter 5
From notes in class and book
26
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
03/09/2011

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Metabolism
Definition
Sum of biochemical reactions within the cells of an organism
Term
Catabolism
Definition
Breaks down molecules and releases energy
Term
Anabolism
Definition
Synthesizes molecules and uses energy
Term
Precursor metabolites
Definition
Produced in catabolic reactions and used to synthesize all organic compounds
Term
Reduction Reactions
Definition
Electrons are added to reaction - +2H or -O
Term
Oxidized molecule
Definition
Molecule that donates and electron; if hydrogen – reaction is called dehydrogenation.
Term
Photoautotrophy
Definition
Energy from light, carbon from CO2
Term
Chemoautotrophy
Definition
Energy from inorganic redox reaction, carbon from CO2
Term
Important elections carrier molecules
Definition
NAD+, NADP+, FAD
Term
Phosphorylation
Definition
Addition of phosphate to a molecule, used to form ATP
Term
Ways cells make ATP
Definition
1. H+ -ATPase
2. Substrate-level phosphorylation
Term
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Definition
Requires sacrifice of a chemical bond that has higher energy than the high energy bond of ATP
Term
Ways cells use ATP
Definition
Substrate activation (used to attach amino acids to tRNA molecules)
power cellular motion (flagella rotation, muscle fibers contract)
Term
Chemoheterotrophs
Definition
Make energy via redox reactions
Term
Catalysts
Definition
Increase rates of chemical reaction and are not permanently changed in the process
Term
Enzymes
Definition
Organic catalysts, named for their substrates (molecules on which they act) – most are proteins
Term
Simple proteins
Definition
Chain of amino acids
Term
Conjugated Enzyme
Definition
Protein plus additional organic or inorganic molecules that are closely associated with the protein
Term
Apoenzymes
Definition
Portions of enzymes that require one or more cofactors (or coenzymes if organic)
Term
Cofactor
Definition
Small molecule that binds to an enzyme and helps to produce the catalytic activity
Term
Activation energy
Definition
Amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction
Term
Active sites
Definition
Places of the enzyme that substrates fit into in order to catalyze the reaction
Term
ATP
Definition
3 phosphate groups on adenosine, energy molecule of cells, energy released when it loses a phosphate to form ADP + free phosphate
Term
Competitive inhibitors
Definition
Block active sites and block enzyme activity
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
Splitting of a glucose molecule in a three stage, 10 step process – end result being two molecules of pyruvic acid and +2 ATP, +2 NADH molecules, costs 2 ATPs to start
Term
Kreb’s Cycle
Definition
Series of reactions that result in the complete oxidation of (2) pyruvate to (6) CO2
8 molecules NAD+ reduced to NADH
2 ATPs are produced by substrate level phosphorylation
Supporting users have an ad free experience!