Term
| What are the proteins called that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer? |
|
Definition
| Either intrinsic proteins or integral proteins. |
|
|
Term
| What are proteins called that are associated with the outer part of the phospholipid bilayer? |
|
Definition
| Peripheral proteins or extrinsic proteins. |
|
|
Term
| What is the combination of phospholipids and intrinsic/extrinsic proteins called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the permiability of the plasma membrane? |
|
Definition
| The plasma membrane is semi-permeable. |
|
|
Term
| What type of molecules can pass through the plasma membrane by diffusion? |
|
Definition
| Non-polar molecules like steroids. |
|
|
Term
| How do charged molecules get into the plasma membrane? |
|
Definition
| By using an intrinsic carrier protein that spans the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two ways a molecule can cross the plasma membrane? |
|
Definition
| By diffusion or by Facilitated transport. |
|
|
Term
| What is the term used for transport of a molecule using an intrinsic carrier protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would be the relationship between the rate of crossing the plasma membrane and the concentration gradient if the molecule undergoes simple diffusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you saw that a graph relating the amount of time it took molecules to cross the plasma membrane to the concentration gradient and you saw that the rate eventually leveled off, what would you assume is happening? |
|
Definition
| The molecule is undergoing facilitated diffusion. |
|
|
Term
| If you put more molecules on one side of the plasma membrane and there is no effect on the rate, the plasma membrane is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is facilitated transport? |
|
Definition
| When a carrier protein takes a molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
|
|
Term
| What is active transport? |
|
Definition
| When a carrier protein takes a molecule from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. |
|
|
Term
| What is used to do active transport? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between active and facilitated transport? |
|
Definition
| Active transport takes molecules from low concentration to high concentration. Facilitated transport takes molecules from high concentration to low concentration. Active transport requires ATP. |
|
|
Term
| Both facilitated transport and active transport are called ____ |
|
Definition
| Carrier mediated transport systems. |
|
|
Term
| Both facilitated and active transport would exhibit ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of transport does the sodium potassium ATPase use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sodium potassium ATPase is particularly important in this type of cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In endocytosis, the molecule lands on the plasma membrane, the plasma membrane invaginates, and the molecule enters the cell in a..... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Phagocytosis is a special type of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three ways a molecule can enter the cell? |
|
Definition
| Simple diffusion, carrier mediated transport, or endocytosis. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 parts of the cytoskeleton from smallest to largest? |
|
Definition
| Microfilaments < Intermediate filaments < Microtubules. |
|
|
Term
| Actin and myosin are both ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intermediate filaments function primarily to... |
|
Definition
| move things around the cell |
|
|
Term
| T/F Microtubules move things around the cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microtubules make up both ______ and ____ on the exterior of the cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microtubules form cylindrical structures in the cell called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two groups of microtubules at right angles to each other are called ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basal bodies are found _______ |
|
Definition
| at the base of a flagellum. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the matrix in the cell? |
|
Definition
| Inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria. |
|
|
Term
| The matrix contains the enzymes required for ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the secondary lysosome? |
|
Definition
| The lysosome after it has fused with vesicle containing a bacteria or virus that it must digest using the enzymes contained in the lysosome. |
|
|
Term
| What two things can a lysosome do? |
|
Definition
1) it can release its enzymes into the cell to cause apoptosis
2) it can fuse with vesicles to digest pathogens. |
|
|
Term
| What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes the rough endoplasmic reticulum look rough? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the golgi apparatus do? |
|
Definition
| Packages proteins and lipids into vesicles for exocytosis. |
|
|
Term
| How is the DNA arranged inside of the Nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA and protein complexes called histones. |
|
|
Term
| The nucleolus contains _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many membranes make up the nuclear envelope? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two nucleotides are purines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What makes up a nucleotide? |
|
Definition
| A phosphate, a sugar, and a base. |
|
|
Term
| What two types of sugars could there be in a nucleotide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compared to DNA, in RNA what is different? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do nucleotides polymerize to form a nucleic acid? |
|
Definition
| The phosphate group of the nucleotide will bond to the OH group of another sugar on another nucleotide. |
|
|
Term
| What are the bonds called that form between two nucleotides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many hydrogen bonds form between an adenine and a thymine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many hydrogen bonds form between a guanine and a cytosine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Would a double helix DNA be more stable if there were more G to C bonds or more T to A bonds? Why? |
|
Definition
| G to C because guanine and cytosine form triple hydrogen bonds. More hydrogen bonds is better. |
|
|
Term
| On what carbon of the 5 carbon sugar base is the Phosphate located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| on what carbon of the 5 carbon sugar base is the OH group located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the proteins called that are located at the centromere of the chromosome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the chromosome composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does the DNA replicate? |
|
Definition
| During the synthesis phase of interphase. |
|
|
Term
| how much of the cell cycle does the cell spend in interphase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which parts of the genome are used in mRNA, Introns or exons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are you going to find ribosomal RNA? |
|
Definition
| In the nucleolus, in the rough ER, in the cytosol. |
|
|
Term
| What is the RNA called that has an anticodon attached to an amino acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An amino group - NH2 and an acid group - COOH (carboxylic acid) |
|
|
Term
| What is the bond between an amine group and a peptide group called? |
|
Definition
|
|
