Term
| What are the net products of glycolysis? |
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Definition
| 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP and 2 NADH |
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Term
| What are the net products of aerobic respiration? |
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Definition
| 36 ATP (6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP) |
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Term
| How many ATP molecules do each NADH and FADH2 produce? |
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Definition
| NADH=2-3 ATP, FADH2= 2ATP |
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Term
| What is the net ATP production from fermentation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the pyrimidines, purines? |
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Definition
| pyrimidine= cytosine, thymine, and uracil. Purines= adenine, guanine. |
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Term
| In PCR, in which direction do the molecules flow? |
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Definition
| They flow to the negatively charged anode. |
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Term
| What are SRPs and what do they do? |
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Definition
| SRPs are signal recognition particles on the polypeptide that bring the ribosome to the rough ER so that it can be injected into the ER lumen. |
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Term
| What is the difference between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes? |
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Definition
| Proto-oncogenes stimulate normal cell growth but can be converted to oncogenes that cause cancer by carcinogens. |
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Term
| What are ribosomes made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does crossing over occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is different about prokaryotic plasma membranes in respect to eukaryotic membranes? |
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Definition
| Eukaryotic membranes have cholesterol and prokaryotic ones do not. |
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Term
| What selective advantage is offered by the haploid state of fungi? |
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Definition
| The haploid state can reproduce more quickly than the diploid state under favorable conditions. |
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Term
| What is saltatory conduction? |
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Definition
| When nerve signals pass down a myelin covered axon from node of Ranvier to node. |
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Term
| What is the difference between nerve inpulses in vertebrates and invertebrates? |
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Definition
| Vertebrates have myelinated axons to increase impulse speed whereas invertebrates are non-myelinated. In order to increase transmission speed, invertebrates have larger neurons. |
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Term
| Where are cholinergic synapses present? |
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Definition
| They are present in the preganglionic and postganglionic synapses. They are also found in the parasympathetic effector synapses. The only place they are not found are on the sympathetic ganglionic effector synapse. |
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Term
| Where are the adrenergic synapses? |
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Definition
| They are in the sympathetic nervous system and act on the effector organs. |
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Term
| What is a dihybrid cross? What is the phenotypic ratio? |
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Definition
| A dihybrid cross is when 2 parents mate and have 2 particular phenotypes of interest. Usually one parent is homozygous dominant and one parent is homozygous recessive. The phenotypic ratio is 9:3:3:1. |
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