Term
| Digestive Tract basic anatomy |
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Definition
| Mouth, Esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, ileum, jejunum), large intestine (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid), rectum, anus. |
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| Found in saliva and begins digestion by breaking down the long straight chains of starch into polysaccharides |
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Definition
Begins the digestion of proteins.
4 cell types:
mucous cells
chief cells (peptic)
patietal cells (oxyntic)
G cells
Does not absorb any nutrients. |
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Uses its many mitochondria to produce the energy needed to establish a proton gradient.
Secrete HCl |
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Definition
| Synthesizes pepsinogen on its rough ER. |
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Definition
Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum.
Most digestion occurs in duodenum.
Most absorption occurs in Jejunum and Ileum. |
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Definition
| A capillary network and a lymph vessel where nutrients are absorbed. |
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| The fuzzy covering of the microvilli that contains membrane bound digestive enzymes. |
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| Some of the epithelial cells that secrete mucus to lubricate the intestine andhelp protect the brush boarder from mechanical and chemical damage. |
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Definition
| The fluid inside has a pH of 6 mainly due to bicarbonate ion secreted by the pancreas |
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Definition
| The major enzyme released by the pancreas are trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic amylase, lipase, ribonuclease, and deoxyribonuclease |
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Definition
Degrade proteins into small polypeptides.
Activated trypsin activates other enzymes. |
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Definition
Hydrolyzes polysaccharides to disaccharides and trisaccharides.
Very powerful vs. salivary amylase.
Degrades nearly all carbohydrates from the chyme into small glucose polymers. |
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Definition
| Degrades fats, specifically triglycerides, |
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Has four parts:
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
The major functions are water absorption and electrolyte absorption |
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Definition
| Produce vitamin K, B12, thiamin and riboflavin. |
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Definition
| The formation of glycogen |
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Glucose is returned to the blood.
The conversion of glucose to fat takes place in the liver and fat cells and is stored in the fat cells. |
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Definition
Virtually all proteins are broken down to its amino acids before being absorbed into the blood.
Think of Nitrogen when thinking of proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood Storage, blood filtration, carbohydrate metabolism, fat metabolism, protein metabolism, detoxification, erythrocyte destruction, and vitamin storage. |
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