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MCAT Biology 02: Genes
Vocabulary & concepts
14
Medical
Not Applicable
05/24/2009

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Cards

Term
Bp-substitution mutation
Definition
Replacement of one bp by another
Term
Missense mutation
Definition
Bp-mutation that occurs in coding sequence of a gene
Term
Frameshift mutation
Definition
Deletions or insertion occur in multiples other than three
Term
Nonsense mutation
Definition
Creation of stop codon
Term
Duplication
Definition
DNA fragment breaks free of one chromosome and incorporates into a homologous chromosome
Term
Translocation
Definition
DNA segment from one chromosome is inserted into another chromosome
Term
Inversion
Definition
Orientation of DNA segment on chromosome is reversed
Term
Transposons
Definition

  • Chromosomal segments that can excise themselves and reinsert themselves at another location
  • Flanked by identical sequences on either side

Term
Interphase
Definition
G1, S, G2
Term
G1
Definition

  • Some heterochromatin unwound and decondensed to euchromatin
  • Active RNA & proten synthesis-new organelles and growth
  • Cytoplasm:DNA dictates advancement to G0 or S

Term
G0
Definition
Nongrowing state-attained if cytoplasm:DNA not sufficient for S
Term
S
Definition

  • DNA replication
  • Chromosomes-duplicated (chromatids) but still same number

Term
G2
Definition

  • Mitosis preparation
  • Organelles-continue duplication
  • RNA & protein (esp tubulin)-actively synthesized

Term
Mitosis
Definition

 

  1. Prophase-chromatin condenses into chromosome
    1. Nuclear & nucleolar disintegration
    2. Spindle apparatus formation
  2. Metaphase-chromosomal alignment along equator
  3. Anaphase-migration of chromosomes & cytokinesis
  4. Telophase-nuclear membrane reforms then nucleolus

 

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