Term
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Definition
| synthesis and glycosylation of peptides to form glycoproteins destined for secretion or integration into membrane |
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Term
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Definition
synthesis of lupids and hormones exported from cell
breaks toxins in liver |
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Term
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Definition
| modification and packaging of proteins into vesicles for secretion or transport to cell destination |
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Term
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Definition
site of ATP synthesis via ATP synthase
site of fatty acid cataboilism B-ox
has own DNA and ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
contains acid hydrolases (digestive enzymes)
pH5- not active in cytoplasm
degrades old cell material
produced from golgi, not in plants |
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Term
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Definition
involved in breakdown (involved in hydrogen peroxide) of many substances: FA, AA, toxins
carry out glyoaxalate cycle in germinating plant seeds |
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Term
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Definition
spindle apparatus for cell division
not in plants |
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Term
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Definition
used for transport, storage,
plants- cell rigidity |
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Term
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Definition
animals- lysosomes, centrioles
plants- cell walls, chloroplasts, central vacuole |
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Term
cell wall made of:
-bacteria
-archae
-fungi
-plant
-animal |
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Definition
bacteria- peptidoglycan
archae- polysaccharides
fungi- chitin
plant- cellulose
animal- none |
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Term
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Definition
signal peptide on the polypeptide chain binds with the SRP (signal recognition particle) this stalls translation and the ribsosome and polypeptide still attached goes to rough ER.
SRP directs ribsomse to implant into ER membrane and the peptide chain is threaded thru. Translation resumes and peptide is cleaved.
Peptide leaves in vacuole. Enters cis side of goldi, leaves trans side. |
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Term
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Definition
phosphlipids, glycolipds, cholesterol (rigidity)
unsaturated FA increase membrane fluidity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| integral membrane proteins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| spans membrane and includes channel proteins, carrier proteis, porins |
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Term
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Definition
| regonition of glycoproteins on cell surface that interact w/hormones or other molecules to relay signals to cell |
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Term
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Definition
| allow exchange of nutrients and cell-to-cell communication (cardiac) |
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Term
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Definition
| completely encircles cells and seals the space btw them to prevent leakage (intestinal) |
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Term
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Definition
| spot welds- btw cells that adhere them to one anoher and give mechanical strength, anchored to cytoskeletons of each cell (skin) |
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Term
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Definition
| carb caoating on cell wall of some bacteria and the plasma membrane of some animals, for adhesion, barrier to infection, cell-cell recognition |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion via carrier protein/channel |
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Term
Membrane transport of:
CO2, O2, lipids, glucose, Na, K+, |
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Definition
simple diffusion-CO2, O2, lipids
fac. diffusion- glucose
primary active transport: Na, K |
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Term
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Definition
| works against the conc. gradient req. ATP energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Na/K pump fueled directly by ATP |
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Term
| secondary active transport |
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Definition
| uses one solutes gradient (est. by ATP) to accomplish the transport of another (Na+/glucose cotransport) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 3Na+ pumped out and 2K+ pumped into cell to generate resting membrane potential |
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Term
| cell signaling via G-proteins |
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Definition
1.ligand binds to G-protein receptor
2. G-protein receptor activates G-protein which binds GTP
3. G-protein activated adenylate cyclase (atp->cAMP)
4. cAMP acts as "2nd msnger" activated series or proteins/transcription factors |
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Term
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Definition
cell in a solution w/ low solute concentration
cytolysis, burst |
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Term
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Definition
cell in a solution w/high solute concentration.
water flows out of cells, plasmolysis, shrink |
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Term
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Definition
| cell and solution its in has the same conc. |
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Term
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Definition
microtubules- largest
intermediate filaments
microfilaments-smallest |
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Term
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Definition
made from tubulin in a 9+2 arrangement, function as railroad for intracellular transport.
found in spindle apparatus of mitosis, flagella, cilia |
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Term
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Definition
| support and maintain the shape of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| made from actin and involved in cellular motility, muscle contraction, cytokinesis |
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Term
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Definition
Interphase (longest)
Mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase |
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Term
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Definition
| protein and nucleic acid synthesis to prepare for rep, production of organelles |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| continued growth in preparation of mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
chromosomes condense
nuclear envelope disapears
polarization of centrioles |
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Term
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Definition
chromosomes line up on metaphase plate
spindle fibers attach at centromes |
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Term
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Definition
spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart towrd the centrioles
cleavage furrows begins forming |
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Term
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Definition
nuclear membranes reform
compleation of cytokinesis |
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