Term
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Definition
| ribose and base (no phosphate) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| lac operon is an example of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| repressor binds to operator preventing transcription of the Lac genes. When lactose is present (thus needing the lac genes) lactose binds to the repressor so it falls off the repressor. When lactose is all used up and no longer present the repressor binds to the operator again |
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Term
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Definition
| making lots of DNA amplification |
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Term
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Definition
1. denturation
2. annealing
3. Elongation
4. thermal cycling repeated many times |
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Term
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Definition
| H bonds broken, ss DNA 90C |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Taq polymerase replicates DNA 70C |
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Term
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Definition
| endonucleases that cut at palindromic sequences leaving sticky or blunt ends |
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Term
| most common restriction enzyme |
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Definition
| Eco R1 leaves sticky ends so they can come back togehter |
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Term
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Definition
| a way of detecting the specific DNA sequence. Uses a probe and a marker |
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Term
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Definition
| helicase unwinds forming the replication fork |
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Term
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Definition
| unravels DNA ahead of replication bubble to relieve tension |
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Term
| leading template strand is |
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Definition
| 3' -> 5' so that the complimentary strand can be replicated in 5'->3' continuous manner |
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Term
| DNA polymerase only synthesises DNA in direction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| elongates new strands 5' ->3' |
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Term
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Definition
| joins okazaki fragements together (make phosphodiester bond in back bone) |
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Term
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Definition
| replaces rna primers with dna |
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Term
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Definition
| new DNA has 1 parent and 1 daughter |
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Term
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Definition
| replication of telomeres in EUK |
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Term
| energy for DNA pol is provided by |
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Definition
| breaking high energy phosphate bonds during formation of phosphodiester linkages |
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Term
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Definition
| polymerase that maked DNA from RNA |
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Term
| prok- exonuclease activity DNA pol 1 |
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Definition
3' -> 5' and 5' -> 3' exonuclease
slower than 3 |
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Term
| prok- exonuclease activity of DNA pol 3 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 3'->5' exonuclease can remove the last nt if an error occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| 5'-> 3' exonucleas activity of DNA pol 1 following rep |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA is methylated prior to replication- allowing parent strand to be distinguished after rep and any errors on daughter to be repaired. |
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Term
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Definition
1. area around mismatch is removed on the daughter starnd
2.dna pol 3 fills in the gap
3. dna ligase seals the back bone gap |
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Term
| base excision repair steps ` |
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Definition
1. damaged base is removed leaving an AP site (signal)
2. an AP exonuclease removes the rest of the nt
3. an exonuclease removes serveral more nt
4. DNA pol 1 fills in the gap
5. DNA ligase seals backbone |
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Term
| nucleotide excision repair |
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Definition
| most common form of repair from UV light damage |
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Term
| nucleotide excision repair steps |
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Definition
1. the area around damge is removed
2. dna pol 1 fills in the gap
3. dna ligase seals backbone |
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Term
| protein synthesis in prok location |
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Definition
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Term
| post transcriptional modification/splicing the RNA in EUK location |
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Definition
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Term
| first step of transcription |
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Definition
| RNA pol binds promoter region and begins unzipping DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| -35 sequence and pribnow box (-10) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| RNA pol begins transcribing 5' -> 3' from the template/non-coding strand |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| principle site of gene regulation |
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Definition
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Term
| monocistronic vs polycistronic |
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Definition
EUK, one gene -monocystronic
Prok, multi-gene poly |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1- for rRNA nucleelus
2- mRNA
3- tRNA |
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Term
| EUK hetero-nuclear mRNA processing |
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Definition
5' cap
poly A tail
splicing out introns (exons exit nucleous and code) |
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Term
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Definition
| small ribosome subunit binds to mRNA near the 5' end |
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Term
| small ribosome in prok binds at |
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Definition
| shine-dalgarno sequence at -10 |
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Term
| after the small ribosome binds to mRNA- |
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Definition
| Met-tRNA (fMET in prok) binds to start codon AUG via its anticodon at P site |
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Term
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Definition
Aminoacyl site
peptidyl site
exit site |
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Term
| after Met-tRNA in P site- |
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Definition
| large subunit ribosome binds, now elongation can begin |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd charged tRNA binds at A site req. GTP hydrolysis |
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Term
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Definition
| catalyzes peptide bond formation |
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Term
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Definition
A-> P-> E req. GTP
5' -> 3' |
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Term
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Definition
prok- 70S 50s/30s
euk - 80s 60s/40s |
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Term
| post translational modifactions made in |
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Definition
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Term
| Genetic code is degenerate meaning: |
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Definition
| many codons for 1 single AA |
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Term
| Replication vs Transcription vs Translation begins at |
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Definition
rep- origin of rep
transc- start site / promoter
transl- start codon AUG |
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Term
| Replication vs Transcription vs Translation elongation enzymes |
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Definition
rep- dna pol
transc- rna pol
transl- ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
UGA u go away
UAA u are away
UAG u are gone |
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