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McAfee Allen Church History
McAfee School of Theology Church History
64
Religious Studies
Graduate
02/20/2013

Additional Religious Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Monks of Cluny--Bruno
Definition
Duke William III of Aquitaine founded/funded monaster, monk Berno called to head it, deeded the monastery to Saint's Peter and Paul (under the Pope's protection from nearby bishops and feudal lords) also prevented Pope from invading and taking the land/wealth from the monastery

followed the Rule of Benedict in it entirety, most important reforming monastery of the time
Term
Pope Innocent III
Definition
most powerful Pope of the Middle Ages, intervened(interfered) in politics in various places in the Empire, instituted the episcopal inquisition---Christendom most closely approached "one flock, one shepherd" ideal
Term
simony
Definition
buying and selling of ecclesiastical posts
Term
Hildebrand ie
Pope Gregory VII
Definition
monk who traveled to Rome with Bruno and Humbart(1048), came to complete conflict with the Emperor (Henry IV, Canossa) great reformer
Term
Humbart
Definition
monk that went with Hildebrand and Bruno to Rome to enact reform of the papacy(1048), was the messenger to the Eastern empire that left a letter of excommunication that caused the great schism between the two churches in 1054, Against the Simoniacs
Term
Bruno ie Pope Leo IX
Definition
sought reform against simony and clerical marriage, successful in Italy, reinforced the already happening reform in Germany and was met with resistance in France
Term
Charlemagne
Definition
Frankish leader who came to control most of the former western roman empire, crowned HRE by Leo III
Term
Muhammad
Definition

great prophet founder of Islam in Mecca, exiled to Medina where he gained many followers before conquering Mecca

 

Term
Urban II
Definition
the first Pope to send out crusaders in 1095
Term
First Ecumenical Council
Council of Nicea
Definition
325 "Christ is fully divine" (Arius and Alexander)
Term
Second Ecumenical Council
Council of Constantinople
Definition
381 "Christ is fully human" (against Apollinarius)
Term
Third Ecumenical Council
Council of Ephesus
Definition
431 "Christ is one person" (Nestorius's Christotokos agains orthodox Theotokos)
Term
Fourth Ecumenical Council
Council of Chalcedon
Definition
451 "Christ is two in nature" (Monophysites as Eutyches)
Term
Dominic de Guzman-Dominicans
Definition
wasn't allowed to start a new Order, so accepted and adapted the "Canons of Saint Augustine", emphasized study, intellectual training, Order of Preachers, not cloistered (didn't live in a monastery), great scholastic Thomas Aquinas, Alan de La Roche(rosary)-
Term
Francis of Assisi
Definition
gave away everything his parents gave him, told by the Bishop to give up his rights to his parents goods, saw voluntary poverty as a means of self-discipline and a way to identify with the poor,requested approval of his order from Innocent III, not allowed to possess anything, afraid the movements success would be its downfall, Order of Friars Minor
Term
Thomas Aquinas
Definition
1225-1274 The most important theologian since Augustine, wrote Summa Theologica-a natural theology based on rational arguments
Term
"Babylonian Captivity"
Definition
1309-1377 period of time when the Pope resided in Avignon France and was a tool of the French government
Term
Hundred Year's War
Definition
war between England and France, involved most European countries, coincided with Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy, persuaded most enemies of France to see the Pope as a foreign power, lead to problems between the Pope and governments
Term
Great Western Schism
Definition
Urban VI was elected, went mad and caused problems, same cardinals elected Clement VII, Urban elected his own cardinals... 2 Popes, 2 sets of cardinals one in Rome, one in Avignon
Term
Leo the Great
Definition
(440-461) First pope in the modern sense of the word, turned away Atilla the Hun, Bishop when the Vandals sacked Rome
Term
Leo III
Definition
Crowned Chalemange
Term
Great East West Schism
Definition
1054
Term
Papal "Pornocracy
Definition
903-964 various popes starved, suffocated, strangled
Term
Gregory I "the Great"
Definition
(Pope from 590-604) took Augustinian theology farther and made it practical, Gregorian chants, daily mass
Term
Otto I
Definition
emperor when the pornocracy ended
Term
455
Definition
Vandals sacked the city of Rome
Term
586-601
Definition
King Recared of the Visigoths, converted from Arianism to Nicene Orthodoxy in 589 leading his people to become catholics
Term
711
Definition
Muslims invaded Spain and put an end to King Roderick's life and of Visigoth rule
Term
516
Definition
King Sigismund, the Burgundian king, converted to Nicene Orthodoxy (Catholicism)
Term
534
Definition
Franks conquered the Burgundians
Term
568
Definition
Lombards invaded Italy
Term
Pope Honorius
Definition
625-638-declared himself a Monothelite (Christological heresy)
Term
Gregory III
Definition
731-741 ended the practice of the authorities in Constantinople approving/confirming candidates to the Papacy
Term
622
Definition
beginning of the Muslim era
Term
635
Definition
Muslims took Damascus
Term
638
Definition
Muslims first took Jerusalem
Term
800
Definition
Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in the former western empire by Pope Leo III
Term
906
Definition
Hungarians invaded Moravia
Term
867
Definition
Photian schism--Photius accused the entire West of heresy for including "and of the son" in the Nicene Creed
Term
Hildegard of Bingen
Definition
1098-1179, sincere Benedictine abbess(nun) who's mystical writing found an audience amongst those who sought a more profound spiritual life
Term
1140-1917
Definition
Corpus Juris Canonici- a document combining 6 major reforming legislations that formed the basis of law for the Roman Catholic Church
Term
1070
Definition
synod under Gregory VII condemned simony officially and required clergy to be celibate
Term
1099
Definition
First crusade captured Jerusalem
Term
1144
Definition
City/kingdom of Edessa fell to the Muslims, cause for the Second Crusade
Term
1187
Definition
Muslims retake Jerusalem
Term
1270
Definition
End of the Crusades to the Holy Land
Term
1209
Definition
Crusade inside the empire, called by Innocent III-sent to southern France to stamp out the Albigensian heresy
Term
1122
Definition
Concordant of Worms--granted the emperor power to invest Bishops with secular authority but not sacred authority, disallowed marriage of clergy (to protect takeover by inheritance), diminished simony
Term
Iconoclastic Controversy
Definition
726-842, iconoclasts destroyed icons disallowed them in worship, icondules(Eastern Orthodox typically) used icons for awakening a sense of devotion-veneration of icons in worship
Term
Theological/Liturgical contrasts:
East
Definition
(essay 1) God -transcendent
Humanity-optimistic anthropology
Monasticism-prophetic
Liturgy-more praise
Theology- More speculative (only 7 councils)
Church Hierarchy -autocephalous and collegiate
Term
Theological/Liturgical contrasts:
West
Definition
(essay 1)God-as ruler
Humanity- pessimistic
Monasticism- Representative
Liturgy-Didactic
Theology-more pragmatic (21 councils)
Church Hierarchy- centralized, hierarchical development resulting in the Pope
Term
Western Christendom foundations from chaos (essay 2)
Definition
religious-developed a hierarchical structure
economically- developed a feudalist order
nationality- (Christendom) Holy Roman Empire-glued together by Christianity
Term
Incident at Canossa (essay 3)
Definition
Henry IV vs Gregory VII
Gregory forbid lay investiture in edict in 1076
Henry challenged the Pope, ignored his summons
Gregory place Henry and his territories under interdict
Henry forced to recant and ask forgiveness to regain support(Canossa 1077)
Gregory forgives Henry
Henry exiles Gregory (1081)
Gregory dies four years later(1085)
Term
Carolingian Reform (Charlemagne's family, essay 2)
Definition
evangelization by the sword,forcibly baptized thousands, encouraged theological thinking such as that done by John Scotus Erigena
Term
Issues Gregory VII dealt with leading up to Canossa (essay 3)
Definition
sexual immorality of the clergy, simony (buying and selling of clerical offices), lay investiture (what Henry IV wanted to do, appointment of church officials by secular rulers)
Term
Resources Gregory VII (and all Popes) had to struggle for reform
Definition
excommunication(separated individuals from sacraments)
Interdict(excommunication of territory)
Ban(leaving offensive persons unprotected by the law)
Term
The Golden Age of Christianity Summary Outline (essay 5)
Definition
Imperial Papacy (Innocent III)
Military Expansion(Crusades)
Mendicant Monasticism (Franciscans and Dominicans)
Scholasticism (Anselm to Abelard)
Enduring Sacred Architecture (Cathedrals it would take hundreds of years to build)
Term
1095-1270
Definition
Period of the 8 major crusades, started under Pope Urban II,
Term
1200-1204
Definition
fourth crusade, called by Innocent III, Crusade was rerouted by the Venetians (ship owners) in exchange for large sums of money, crusaders sacked Constantinople
Term
"I believe in order that I may understand"
Definition
Anselm of Canterbury
Term
Anselm (late 1000s)
Definition
most important forerunner of scholasticism, applied reason to faith to understand more deeply what he already believed, Proslogion-ontological argument for the existence of God,also wrote Why the God man?
Term
Peter Abelard 1079-?
Definition
enemy of Bernard of Clairvaux(had Abelard declared a heretic), Wrote Sit et Non? (Yes or No) a list of 158 theological questions and showed the scripture, church authorities and ancient writers responses as either yes or no
Term
Peter Lombard
Definition
Four Books of Sentences, systematic treatment of the main themes of Christian theology, became the basic textbook in universities for over 400 years, (seven sacraments)
Term
Bernard of Clairvaux
Definition
before even accepted at the Cistercian monastery had persuaded others to join him-->powers of persuasion
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