what are the most importnat factors that determine VO2 max? in a peson?

1. ability to ventilate the lugns and oxygenate the blood passing through the lungs
2. the ability of the heart to pump bloood - Q
3. oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
4. ability of the working muscles to accpet large blood supply
5. ability of the muscle fibers to extract o2 from the cap blood and use it to produce energy

what are the typical values for VO2 max?

untrained cnd male = 40-50

untrained cnd female =30-40

world class endurance male = 80-90

world class endurance female = 65-75

soccer, hockey, baketball = 54-60

baseball, foodball, thrower, sprinter = 40-50

* divide by body weight to compare big and small people

what are the 3 test protocols for vo2 max?

1. should exceed 6 mins but less than 15

2. should have a warm up period - first stage for the test

3. should be arranged in stages, @ each stage intensity progressively increases

what are the criteria for attaining Vo2max?

1. o2 consumption cease to increase linearly with increasing WR and it reaches a plateau. the last two values must agree within +2ml/kg/min

2. HR should be close to 220-age

3. blood lactage levels shouldbe 8 millimoles/L or <

4. respiratory exchange ratio should be >1.10

4. subject observation -- were they tired?

bicycle erogmeters are two main types...

1. mechanical - monarch

2. ellectrically braked bicycle - resistance is provided by moving a conucto through a magnetic field

what are the advantages in using the bike for VO2max?

1. less expensive
2. portable
3. doesnt need electricity
4. patients are more stable and body weight is supported -- easier to collect data
5. easier to quantify WR

what are the disadvantages of using the bike?

1. cant get the same values as on a treadmill

2. cycling isnt a common movement. walking is..

what are the factors that affect max aerobic power?

mode of exercise

heredity

age and sex

why is herdity a factor to VO2max?

how can you improve it

vo2max is genetically determined

training will improve by 6-20%

why is age and sex a factor for Vo2max?

vo2max increases with age.

peak @18-25

declining starts @ 55

why does vo2 max decrease with age?

1. decrease in max HR and neg changes in the o2 transport
2. as you grow older, youre less physically active

sedetary has 2x the decline rate that PA indis

what are the reasons for sex differences and VO2max

1. before puberty there isnt a sig diff. but after puberty males are > femles than 20-25%

different body comp -- males have less fat

males have higher hemoglobin - 10-14%

what were the highest reported values of vo2max?

male - 94.. cross country skier

female -- 77 .. ccs

why do we use a preditive test for Vo2mx?

1. less expensive and specialized equiment is required

2. safety

3. can be administer to large groups

4. less motivation is required from subjects

what are the assumptions that are based on using submax exercise HR to predict Vo2max?

1. linear relation b/w HR and o2 uptake.
2. similar max Hr for all subjects
3. fixe mechanical efficiency
4. day to day variations in HR

vo2max predicted from submax HR is witin 10-20% of the persons actual value

what is error of well performed direct measurements of Vo2 max?

who are tested for these submax test?

4-5 %

very low or very high in VO2max cat

what is the efficency of muscular work ?

the % of chemical energy converted to mechanical e with the remainder lost as heat

what is the efficieny of muscular work equation?

%eff= work performed (kcal)            x 100
_________________________
energy expended (kcal)

what is the efficiency of large muscle activities?

20-25%