Term
| What does GAP and GEF stand for? |
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Definition
GAP GTPase Activating Protein
GEF: Guannine Exchange Factor |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What receptor activates PLC-Beta |
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Definition
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Term
| What receptor activates PLC-gamma |
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Definition
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Term
| What activates PI3K? (2 ways) |
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Definition
| RTK directly or Ras through RTK activation |
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Term
| What does Gs activate/inhibit? |
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Definition
| activates Adenylyl cyclase |
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Term
| What does Gi activate/inhibit? |
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Definition
| inhibits adenylyl cyclase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does cholera toxin do to G-proteins? |
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Definition
| Blocks GTPase activity (GTP always bound) |
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Term
| What does Bordetella pertussis toxin do to G-proteins? |
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Definition
| Adds ADP-ribose to G-alpha, preventing it from interacting with receptor (inhibits G-protein) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How are G-protein receptors "desensitized"? (Not through endocytosis) |
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Definition
| G-proteins are first phosphorylated, then aresstins bind |
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Term
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Definition
| cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases |
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Term
| What residues are phosphorylated most by kinases? |
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Definition
| serine, threonine, and tyrosine |
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Term
| Which PKA (PKA I or PKA II) contains AKAP, and what does AKAP do? |
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Definition
| PKA II contains AKAP, and AKAP functions to allow for substrate specificity |
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Term
| Is it PKA, PKB, or PKC that induces both chronic and acute response? What pathway is this? |
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Definition
| PKA, G-protein --> adenylyl cyclase |
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Term
| What directly activates PKB? |
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Definition
| PKB is activated by PI(3)P? |
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Term
| What hormone activates adenylyl cyclase? What is the receptor called? |
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Definition
| epinephrine, Beta-adrenoreceptor |
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Term
| What is the co-activators of CREB? |
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Definition
| CBP(Creb Binding Protein)/P300 |
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Term
| There are two types of adrenoreceptors, alpha-1 and alpha-2. Where are they located and what G-proteins are associated with them? What is the consequence of the G protein that is associated with it? |
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Definition
Alpha-1: Smooth muscle, Gq - stimulates PLC-beta activation
Alpha-2: presynaptic nerve terminals, Gi, inhibits adenylyl cyclase |
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Term
| How many Ca can Calmodulin bind? |
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Definition
| Binds Ca2+ and it can bind 2 or 4 |
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Term
| What does Ca-CaM do to cAMP levels? How? |
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Definition
| Decreases by activating cAMP phosphodiesterases |
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Term
| What are cAMP phosphodiesterases? |
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Definition
| remove cAMP levels, cleave phosphodiesterase bonds in cAMP |
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Term
| What does Ca-CaM do? (2 things) |
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Definition
1. Activates cAMP phosphodiesterases
2. Activates Ca-CaM kinases |
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Term
| What is CaM-Kinase II? What activates it? What is its significance? |
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Definition
| CaM-Kinase II is activated by CaM-Kinase, this activation induces self-autophosphorylation which preserves activity, even if Ca levels are low |
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Term
| Which enzyme in the glycogen --> glucose pathway does CaM-Kinase activate? |
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Definition
| Phosphorylase kinase: The kinase that directly turns glycogen to glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Are lipid soluble, therefore enter cell and then become activated once they bind Ca2+ and then they cannot leave the cell. |
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Term
| What are the names of the Ca2+ dyes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What chemical blocks Ca2+ pumps of the ER? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are "caged molecules"? |
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Definition
| Molecules taht only become active once you pulse them, used in pulse chase experiments |
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Term
| What molecules (that is formed by PLC) activates gated Ca2+ ER channels? |
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Definition
| PI(1,4,5)P [NOT PI(3,x,x)P] |
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Term
| What products are derived from PI clevage? (not the PI3P or PI4P or DAG) |
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Definition
phosphatidic acid and arachidonic acid
LOOK AT NOTES TO SEE CLEVAGE SITE |
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Term
| What enzyme cleaves PI for arachidonic acid production? |
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme cleaves PI for phosphatidic acid production? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ligands does PKC bind? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of PKC's are there? How do they differ? |
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Definition
cPKC - binds both Ca2+ and DAG
novel PKC (nPKC) - binds DAG but not Ca
atypical PKC (aPKC) - does not bind Ca or DAG |
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Term
| What domain does PLC-gamma have that makes it special compared to Beta? What does this domain do for signaling? |
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Definition
| SH2 domain, allows it to bind directly to RTK |
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Term
| What does PKB activation do? (2 things) |
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Definition
1. transports GLUT4 receptors to cell surface in insulin response
2. inactivates glycogen synthesis? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What enzyme does wortaminin inhibit? |
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Definition
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