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| A chemical signal that circulates through body fluids and affects distant target cells. |
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| All of the glands and tissues that produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. |
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Autocrine
Paracrine
Juxtacrine
Endocrine
Neuroendocrine
Neurotransmitters
Pheromones |
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| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) |
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Definition
| A peptide-hormone, produced and secreted by the hypothalamus, that stimulates release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary. |
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Classes of Hormones:
Amino Acids
Polypeptide
glycoprotein
steroid |
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| The Endocrine System is comprised of |
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Definition
Pineal (epiphysis)- temperature and vision
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland (master endocrine gland)
Gonads
Adrenal
Pancreas
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus |
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| 3 tissues that develop during embryonic developpment |
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Definition
Ectoderm: Skin and nervous tissue (brain, sprinal cord, sensory organs)
Endoderm: Digestive track, glandular, lungs
Mesoderm: Muscles and bone |
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| PUN (Paraventricular nucleus) |
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| SON (Supra-optic nucleus) |
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| ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone) |
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| Cluster of nerve cell body |
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| Asexual reproduction vs. Sexual reproduction |
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Definition
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| Types of Asexual Reproduction |
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Definition
Fission
Budding
Parthenogenesis (lizards)
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| How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? |
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| 22 pairs and 1 pair of sex chromosomes |
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| PGCs (Primordial germ cells) |
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Definition
Signals act on the same cell that secretes them.
Ex. cytokines |
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| Signals diffuse locally and act on neighboring cells. |
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Definition
| Signals are contact dependent and target cell must be closely situated. |
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Definition
| Signals are hormones-molecules that are carried between distant cells by blood or other body fluids. |
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| Signals are chemical messengers (neurotransmitters). Neural signaling can be very fast because neurotransmitters have to diffuse only a short distance. |
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Definition
Signals are considered hormones because they act on distant cells after being released from neurons, instead of acting on adjacent synapse.
Ex. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) aka. vasopressin. |
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